Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821–1890) was a polymath of staggering scope, known for his diverse accomplishments as an explorer, translator, writer, soldier, orientalist, cartographer, ethnographer, spy, linguist, poet, fencer, and diplomat. Among his most famous translations is that of 'The Arabian Nights'—more properly known as 'The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night'—a monumental and endur...