The Evolution of Massive Stars.- The Top of the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.- Collapsars, Hypernovae, and Long Gamma Ray Bursts.- Quiet supernovae, and Death by Fall-Back.- Luminous Blue Variables and Supernova 'Imposters'.- Death by Magnetar.- Pulsational Pair Instability and Pair Instability Supernovae.- Luminous Blue Flashes.- Population III Stars.- The Impact of Nuclear Reactions of Massive St...