This Suffering Is My Joy

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Author’s Note

1 The Underground Church in China

Historical Background

The Auspicious Beginning of Catholicism in China

The Eighteenth-Century Crisis

2 Matteo Ripa’s Attempt to Establish a School for Chinese Priests in China

Fr. Matteo Ripa’s Spiritual Vision

Ripa’s Journey to China

Ripa at the Chinese Court

Ripa’s First School for Boys

Opposition to Ripa’s School

Ripa Departs Beijing with Five Chinese

The Journey from Guangzhou (Canton) to London and Naples

3 Founding of the Chinese College for Priests in Naples

Financial Struggles in Founding the Chinese College

The First Chinese College Graduates Return to China

Problems with Chinese Students in Naples

More Students Arrive from China

Lucio Wu as Ripa’s “Perpetual Cross to Bear”

Lucio’s Second Flight and Imprisonment in Castel Sant’Angelo

4 Racial and Cultural Tensions between Chinese and European Priests

Fr. Filippo Huang in China

Fr. Huang’s Struggles as a Missionary in Northern Shanxi

Growing Tensions between Chinese and European Priests

Anti-Christian Movement (“Great Persecution”) of 1784

5 Emergence of the Underground Church

The Underground Church in Japan

The Formation of Chinese Jesuit Priests

Chinese Priests and Catechists in Sichuan

The Formation of Chinese Underground Priests

Christian Virgins (Chaste Women) in Sichuan

Chinese Priests in Jiangnan

6 European and Chinese Forms of Martyrdom

Sacrifice and Martyrdom among Chinese Priests and Catechists

Indigenous Chinese Catholic Leadership

Mendicant Martyrdoms

Chinese Christian Martyrdoms

Conclusion

Bibliography

Index