SILICON

The checkerboard-like planar

atomic structure. No. 1.

Helmut Albert

Imprint

Cover picture: Silicon-28 atom

Responsible person: Helmut Albert, Talstraße 63,

79102 Freiburg / Germany

E-mail: hm.albert@t-online.de

Text and illustrations:

© Copyright Helmut Albert 2021

Printed by: epubli - a service of Neopubli GmbH, Berlin

Preliminary remarks

This e-book is the digitised edition of the paper with the same title already published as a print book. Changes have been made insofar as they were necessary for the e-book format. The translation from German was done with DeepL Pro.

Science and research are currently in the process of discovering more and more two-dimensional molecular structures of different elements. Although the detectable properties of the layered structures are hardly compatible with the idea of a core-shell atom, the outdated idea of electron orbitals is still held on to. A conception that has long been untenable due to numerous inconsistencies. The paper makes it clear that two-dimensional, molecular atomic layers must also have their basis in two-dimensionally constructed atoms. The checkerboard-like, planar atomic structure by protons and neutrons is the natural atomic structure that determines both the two- and the three-dimensional, molecular structures. The paper refers in parts to earlier publication by the author on the checkerboard-like-planar atomic structure. (cf. Albert 2017, 2019a, 2019b, 2021).

Helmut Albert, Freiburg, October 2021

1.0       Two-dimensional structures

Since the discovery and production of single-layer atomic layers of carbon, known as graphene, after the turn of the millennium, scientific interest in two-dimensional molecular structures has steadily increased worldwide. Particularly because people want to make these materials usable for the semiconductor industry. The most important material in the semiconductor industry to date is silicon, which forms hexagonal structures like carbon layers, but does not have the same advantageous properties of graphene. Numerous research projects are therefore aimed at further investigating the properties and molecular structures of silicon and making them usable.

At the end of 2020 and 2021, press releases from the Universities of Bonn and Heidelberg about "flat" and "two-dimensional" silicon compounds attracted attention. While researchers at the University of Bonn were able to produce and demonstrate the structure of a silicon compound as a flat trapezoid, researchers at the University of Heidelberg succeeded in building and demonstrating a square-planar arrangement. The press release of the University of Bonn states that the scientists were astonished by the "unusual stability" of the planar molecules and the University of Heidelberg reports that the scientists described the stability of the molecular configuration as a "surprise" (cf. Ebner, Greb 2021; Ghana et al. 2020); (University of Bonn 2020; University of Heidelberg 2021).