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Samimi, M. et al., Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr. pii: S0261–5614(14)00169–1. Epub 17. Juni 2014.

Moosheer, S.M. et al., A protein-enriched low glycemic index diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation exerts beneficial effects on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 8 (4): 308–14, 2014.

Zhang, M. et al., Fish and marine omega-3 polyunsatured Fatty Acid consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Endocrinol. Epub 8. September 2013.

Norris, J.M. et al., Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and islet autoimmunity in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes. JAMA 298 (12): 1420–1428, 2007.

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Worm, Nicolai, Flexi Carb, München: Riva Verlag 2016.

Seit einigen Jahren verwende ich zur soliden Diagnosesicherung zusätzlich das Instrument des Fatty-Liver-Index (FLI), ein Messwert der sich mit Hilfe einfacher Laborwerte aus dem Leberwert GGT in U/l, dem Triglyceridspiegel in mg/dl, dem Body-Mass-Index (BMI) sowie dem Bauchumfang berechnet. Im Internet zum Beispiel über die Webseite www.fegato.it können Sie unter FLI-Calculator den Index errechnen. Ein FLI > 60 macht das Vorliegen einer Fettleber sehr wahrscheinlich (zu 78 %).

Falls Sie sich umfassender mit dem Thema beschäftigen wollen, kann ich Ihnen an dieser Stelle das Buch Schlank und gesund mit der Doc Fleck Methode, Hilden: BJV Verlag 2017 empfehlen, in dem ich diese Thematik sehr ausführlich beschreibe.

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Arem, H. et al., Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intakes and endometrial cancer risk in a population-based case-control study. Eur J Nutr 52 (3): 1251–60, 2013.

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Gertsik, L. et al., Omega-3 fatty acid augmentation of citalopram treatment for patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 32 (1): 61–64, 2012.

Marriott, B.P. et al., Design and methods for the Better Resiliency Among Veterans and non-Veterans with Omega-3’s (BRAVO) study: A double blind, placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation among adult individuals at risk of suicide. Contemp Clin Trials 47: 325–333, 2016.

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Stebbins, C.L. et al., Effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the skeletal-muscle blood-flow response to exercise in rats. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 20 (6): 475–86, 2010.

Tartibian, B. et al., Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation attenuates inflammatory markers after eccentric exercise in untrained men. Clin J Sport Med 21 (2): 131–7, 2011.

Jouris, K.B. et al., The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the inflammatory response to eccentric strength exercise. Sports Sci Med 10 (3): 432–8, 2011.

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Mickleborough, T.D. et al., Effect of fish oil-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and immune function in athletes. Phys Sportsmed 36 (1): 11–7, 2008.

Mulder, K.A. et al., Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in infants before birth identified using a randomized trial of maternal DHA supplementation in pregnancy. PLoS One (1): e83764, 2014.

Präeklampsie (Schwangerschaftsintoxikation) ist eine schwere Erkrankung am Ende der Schwangerschaft, die mit den Leitsymptomen erhöhter Bluthochdruck, Eiweißausscheidung im Urin (Proteinurie) und periphere Ödeme (Wassereinlagerungen) einhergeht. In seltenen Fällen kann sie bis zu 14 Tage nach der Geburt manifest werden.

Markhus, M.W. et al., Low omega-3 index in pregnancy is a possible biological risk factor for postpartum depression. PLoS One 8 (7): e67617, 2013.

Su, K.P. et al., Omega-3 fatty acids for major depressive disorder during pregnancy: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 69 (4): 644–51, 2008.

Furuhjelm, C. et al., Allergic disease in infants up to 2 years of age in relation to plasma omega-3 fatty acids and maternal fish oil supplementation in pregnancy and lactation. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 22 (5): 505–14, 2011; Gunaratne, A.W. et al., Maternal prenatal and/or postnatal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation for preventing allergies in early childhood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (7): CD010085, 2015.

Bisgaard, H. et al., Fish oil-derived fatty acids in pregnancy and wheeze and asthma in offspring. N Engl J Med 375 (26): 2530–9, 2016.

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Strunz, Ulrich/Jopp, Andreas, Fit mit Fett. Die Omega-3-Revolution, «So kaufen Sie Olivenöl», S. 34

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Schmid, Rainer. Ölwechsel für Ihren Körper. Gesund, vital und schön mit naturbelassenen Ölen, 7. Aufl. Inning: Verlag Ernährung & Gesundheit 2010.

Der Fettstoffwechsel von Menschen unterscheidet sich von dem von Ratten. Es gibt aktuell keinen bekannten Zusammenhang von Verzehr von Rapsöl und Herzschäden. Die Obergrenze der für Erucasäure tolerierbaren Tagesdosis wurde anhand von Tierversuchen geschätzt und liegt aktuell bei 500 mg pro Tag für Erwachsene. Auch bei einem häufigen Konsum von Rapsöl, der auch vorteilhaft sein kann, wird diese Dosis nicht erreicht.

Schmid, Ölwechsel.

Strunz/Jopp, Fit mit Fett 70, 71, 72.

Ibid., 73.

Haber/Rüsing, DHA-reiche Mikroalgenöle: Alternativen für die Zufuhr von langkettigen Omega-3-Fettsäuren. Ernährung&Medizin 2005.

Dreher, M.L./Davenport, A.J., Hass avocado composition and potential health effects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 53 (7): 738–750, 2013.

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