CONTENTS
Cover
About the Book
About the Author
Title Page
Introduction by Jane Campion
POEMS (1817)
Dedication. To Leigh Hunt, Esq.
‘I stood tip-toe upon a little hill’
Specimen of an Induction to a Poem
Calidore: A Fragment
To Some Ladies
On receiving a curious Shell and a Copy of Verses from the Same Ladies
To * * * *
To Hope
Imitation of Spenser
‘Woman! when I behold thee flippant, vain’
EPISTLES
To George Felton Mathew
To my Brother George
To Charles Cowden Clarke
SONNETS
1 To my Brother George
2 To * * * * *
3 Written on the Day that Mr. Leigh Hunt left Prison
4 ‘How many bards gild the lapses of time!’
5 To a Friend who sent me some Roses
6 To G. A. W.
7 ‘O solitude! if I must with thee dwell’
8 To my Brothers
9 ‘Keen fitful gusts are whispering here and there’
10 ‘To one who has been long in city pent’
11 On first looking into Chapman’s Homer
12 On leaving some Friends at an early Hour
13 Addressed to Haydon
14 Addressed to the Same
15 On the Grasshopper and Cricket
16 To Kosciusko
17 ‘Happy is England’
Sleep and Poetry
ENDYMION: A POETIC ROMANCE
LAMIA, ISABELLA, THE EVE OF ST. AGNES AND OTHER POEMS (1820)
Lamia
Isabella; or, The Pot of Basil
The Eve of St. Agnes
Ode to a Nightingale
Ode on a Grecian Urn
Ode to Psyche
Fancy
Ode
Lines on the Mermaid Tavern
Robin Hood
To Autumn
Ode on Melancholy
Hyperion
POSTHUMOUS AND FUGITIVE POEMS
On Peace
Lines written on 29 May, the Anniversary of Charles’s Restoration, on hearing the Bells ringing
Ode to Apollo
‘As from the darkening gloom a silver dove’
To Lord Byron
‘Fill for me a brimming bowl’
To Chatterton
To Emma
‘Give me Women, Wine, and Snuff’
On receiving a Laurel Crown from Leigh Hunt
‘Come hither all sweet maidens soberly’
Written in Digust of Vulgar Superstition
‘O! how I love, on a fair summer’s eve’
To a Young Lady who sent me a Laurel Crown
‘After dark vapours have oppressed our plains’
Lines in a Letter to J. H. Reynolds, from Oxford
On the Sea
To the Ladies who saw me Crowned
Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream
‘Haydon! forgive me that I cannot speak’
Hymn to Apollo
On seeing the Elgin Marbles
On ‘The Story of Rimini’
Written on a Blank Space at the End of Chaucer’s ‘The Floure and the Leafe’
‘In drear nighted December’
‘Unfelt, unheard, unseen’
Stanzas
‘Hither, hither, love—’
‘Think not of it, sweet one, so—’
On sitting down to read ‘King Lear’ once again
To a Cat
‘Hence Burgundy, Claret, and Port’
Lines on seeing a Lock of Milton’s Hair
‘When I have fears that I may cease to be’
To the Nile
To a Lady seen for a few Moments at Vauxhall
‘Spenser! a jealous honourer of thine’
Answer to a Sonnet by J. H. Reynolds, ending—
Apollo to the Graces
‘O blush not so!’
‘O thou whose face hath felt the Winter’s wind’
The Human Seasons
‘Where be ye going, you Devon maid?’
‘For there’s Bishop’s Teign’
To Homer
To J. H. Reynolds from Teignmouth 25 March 1818
‘Over the hill and over the dale’
To J. R.
Fragment of an Ode to Maia
‘Sweet, sweet is the greeting of eyes’
Acrostic
On visiting the Tomb of Burns
A Song about Myself
To Ailsa Rock
Meg Merrilies
‘Ah! ken ye what I met the day’
‘All gentle folks who owe a grudge’
‘Of late two dainties were before me plac’d’
Sonnet written in the Cottage where Burns was born
Lines written in the Highlands after visiting the Burns Country
Staffa
‘Read me a lesson, Muse, and speak it loud’
Ben Nevis: a Dialogue
Song
To his Brother George in America
‘Where’s the Poet?’
Modern Love
The Castle Builder: Fragments of a Dialogue
‘Welcome joy, and welcome sorrow’
‘Hush, hush! Tread softly! hush, hush, my dear!’
The Dove
Extracts from an Opera
The Eve of Saint Mark
To Sleep
‘Why did I laugh to-night?’
On a Dream after reading of Paolo and Francesca in Dante’s ‘Inferno’
‘The House of Mourning written by Mr. Scott’
‘Fame, like a wayward girl’
Song of Four Fairies
La Belle Dame sans Mercy [Indicator version]
La belle dame sans merci
‘How fever’d is the man, who cannot look’
‘If by dull rhymes our English must be chain’d’
Faery Songs
Spenserian Stanzas on Charles Armitage Brown
Ode on Indolence
A Party of Lovers
‘The day is gone’
Lines to Fanny
To Fanny
To Fanny
‘This living hand, now warm and capable’
‘Bright Star, would I were steadfast as thou art’
Two or three Posies
‘When they were come unto the Faery’s Court’
‘In after-time a sage of mickle lore’
LONGER POSTHUMOUS POEMS: NARRATIVE AND DRAMATIC
The Fall of Hyperion: a Vision
The Cap and Bells; or, The Jealousies
Otho the Great
King Stephen
SELECTED LETTERS
To Benjamin Bailey, 22 November 1817
To George and Tom Keats, 21, 27 (?) December 1817
To J. H. Reynolds, 3 February 1818
To John Taylor, 27 February 1818
To John Taylor, 24 April 1818
To J. H. Reynolds, 3 May 1818
To Richard Woodhouse, 27 October 1818
To George and Georgiana Keats, 14 February to 3 May 1819
To Fanny Brawne, 25 July 1819
To Percy Bysshe Shelley, 16 August 1820
To Charles Brown, 30 September 1820
To Charles Brown, 30 November 1820
Index of Titles
Index of First Lines
Copyright
About the Book
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY DIRECTOR JANE CAMPION
John Keats died in penury and relative obscurity in 1821, aged only 25. He is now seen as one of the greatest English poets and a genius of the Romantic age. This collection, which contains all his most memorable works and a selection of his letters, is a feast for the senses, displaying Keats’ gift for gorgeous imagery and sensuous language, his passionate devotion to beauty, as well as some of the most moving love poetry ever written.
About the Author
John Keats was born in London in 1795. He trained as a surgeon and apothecary but quickly abandoned this profession for poetry. His first volume of poetry was published in 1817, soon after he had begun an influential friendship with the Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. His first collection and the subsequent long poem Endymion received mixed reviews, and sales were poor. In late 1818 he moved to Hampstead where he met and fell deeply in love with his neighbour Fanny Brawne. During the following year Keats wrote some of his most famous works, including ‘The Eve of St. Agnes’, ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ and ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’. He was however increasingly plagued by ill-health and financial troubles, which led him to break off his engagement to Fanny. Soon after the publication of Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St Agnes and Other Poems in 1820, Keats left England for Italy in the hope that the climate would improve his health. By this time he was suffering from advanced tuberculosis, and he died on 23 February 1821. On his request, Keats’s tombstone reads only ‘Here lies one whose name was writ in water’.
‘Bright Star’:
The Complete
Poems and
Selected Letters
INTRODUCTION
My John Keats
I would not have read Keats’s poems if I had not been avoiding adapting a book for the screen where the protagonist was a creative writing teacher. The thought was that before proceeding with my script I should enlarge my knowledge of English poetry and literature. It was on this account that I bought a biography on Keats by Andrew Motion and set about reading it. It was a very big book and I really could not escape learning quite a bit about John Keats and his poems. I worked studiously through the first half of the biography, amazed at Keats’s insights and emerging philosophy and reading and rereading Motion’s analysis of his early poems. Nothing prepared me for the last third. Here Motion outlined a love affair unparalleled for its touchingly detailed and weepingly tragic proportions. Almost all evidence of the love affair came from one primary source: Keats’s own letters to the girl he loved. These were no ordinary letters but the staggeringly honest outpourings from one of the youngest and greatest of the English romantic poets. I still today remember finishing the biography in the blue attic room I then used as a study. I remember reading as the afternoon turned into evening, then night, sobbing pitifully as I came to the sorrowful end of Keats’s life and his love affair.
For me it is a story more romantic and sad than Romeo and Juliet for being true. She eighteen years old, ‘unformed, frisky and quick tongued’ a diligent student of fashion, and he a twenty-three-year-old orphaned poet. Many things were in their favour; depth of feeling, joined hearts, steadfastness and a shared house, while much else conspired against them; Keats’s lack of financial success and his bad health. The engaged Fanny and Keats were finally separated as Keats took his last chance for a cure in Rome. This last hope was unrealised and Keats, at twenty-five, died of consumption in his young friend Severn’s arms.
Intrigued, I bought and began to read Keats’s poems and his collected letters. I drifted into wondering if I could somehow tell his story on film, only to shake myself. Nobody really reads poetry anymore, but the cruellest blow to my hope was simply that while I was reading the poems I didn’t completely understand them, or, in the case of the long poems Endymion or Hyperion, I didn’t know the classical references. How could I make a film about Keats if I didn’t understand poetry?
I didn’t give up but nor did my ambitions harden. Two years later, when I took a four-year sabbatical break from film-making, I found myself daydreaming in a soft and wafty way of Keats and Fanny. I would sit in a paddock by the Colo River with a rag-tag collection of horses while I made coffee on a little burner. The sun’s warmth felt like a kiss. Life slowed down: a breeze coming across the paddock arrived as an event. As I sat across a log sipping my coffee, the horses gathered around. One day a pregnant mare stayed after the others drifted off and finally with all the tenderness a hoof could afford, she carefully widened the opening of my bag and peered inside. I sat next to the mare, and started to read Keats’s poems to myself. I read ‘Ode to Psyche’ with its vivid description of the open poetic mind, also ‘Ode on Indolence’, where Keats championed and wrote of the dreamy drifty state I was enjoying:
Ripe was the drowsy hour;
The blissful cloud of summer-indolence
Benumb’d my eyes; my pulse grew less and less
Sometimes I read a poem and felt I had taken in the meaning, only to realise I had not understood it and had in fact mistaken the meaning, and would then feel quite a fool. Fool or not, actual meaning or not, the seduction by words, rhythm, atmosphere and intimacy had begun. I was loving that these words, sounds and drifts of meaning could be joined like daisy chains, like streams to rivers, like whispers that could in Keats’s hands, describe me to myself and all the while have a sensuous and delicious presence that played on my sensations.
As I read Keats’s letters (who spells badly like me), I came across his theory of negative capability: an endorsement of mystery, of developing your capacity to accept mystery without ‘irritable searching after fact and reason’. I began to realise that perhaps poetry is not so much in need of understanding as loving, or being enchanted, seduced, intrigued or awed. Like eating something delicious, you don’t need to know how it was made; all you need to do is enjoy it.
My journey with Keats has been longer, deeper more intimate and more sustained over the last few years than my relationships with even my best friends. I have read his life story, I have read his poems, I have read his letters amongst which are the thirty-two surviving letters and notes he wrote to his beloved Fanny Brawne. I have read her letters. I have lain around on couches and beds, at a beach house, a river house and a mountain hut, dreaming about the two and a half years of Fanny and Keats’s brief but intense time together. Then I wrote the screenplay, Bright Star, based on their love affair. I know as much about those two and a half years of his life as almost anyone can. I have lent myself to imagining how things might have happened, how Keats might have first met Fanny. By thinking about all the practical aspects of their relationship and their lives I realised it was possible that Fanny may have actually slept in what was to become Keats’s bed while he and his best friend Brown were away in Scotland. Also when Fanny’s family moved in to share the house with Brown and Keats, Fanny and Keats may have slept only a wall apart. I have been to Keats’s house, Wentworth Place in Hampstead, I’ve walked the Heath and the streets of Hampstead where Keats would have walked and also several times visited the room where he died in the house (now a museum for Keats, Shelley and Byron) next to the Spanish Steps in Rome. I’ve looked up at the ceiling of his deathbed and seen the painted daisies he joked about to Severn, already growing over him.
I got more confident with his poems, declaring ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ my favourite poem in the world. It has the best of Keats’s immediacy, written in one sitting under a plum tree. It is a sustained brilliant meditation on an actual nightingale in a spring garden. As natural as thought, it describes thought but it is laced with links and soft rhymes of immense grace, delight and depth. It is full of his desire for happiness and his grief for its fleeting nature:
Now more than ever seems it rich to die,
To cease upon the midnight with no pain,
While thou art pouring forth they soul abroad
In such an ecstasy!
Five years later, Bright Star, based on Keats and Fanny’s love affair, has now been made into a film and I have heard almost a hundred little girls auditioning for the role of Fanny’s sister Margaret, reciting by heart the opening lines of Endymion:
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever:
Its loveliness increases; it will never
Pass into nothingness; but still will keep
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.
I was afraid of how the girls would manage the poetry. I imagined that they would perhaps be intimidated by the meaning and the unfamiliar words and that they would speak too quickly or garble the quotes. But as each girl spoke the poem, they became transformed, the words seeming to have found gravity and force, a shape and clarity within each of them. When later they spoke of their pets, their brothers and sisters, the glow dimmed to good behaviour and cliché. It was similar when auditioning for Fanny and Keats, all the actors were mesmerising when reciting the poems – something I wasn’t expecting.
A friend of mine told me that her mother, now in her nineties and diminished by dementia, quoted, ‘O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms, Alone and palely loitering?’ and then asked repetitively, ‘What is it I am saying? Where is it from?’ The poem is lodged inside her happy as a bee continuing to hum despite her confusion.
My film journey with Keats ended the day we finished filming in Italy in June 2008. We re-enacted a version of Keats’s coffin being carried from his lodgings, across the Spanish Steps and into the waiting funeral carriage before clattering along the empty morning streets, along Via Giulia, on its way to the Protestant cemetery.
After we had celebrated the end of our shoot, a few of us made the journey to the cemetery and finally after all this time – a century or two for Keats and six years for me – I was standing as near to Keats’s mortal remains as I ever could be. Cats of all kinds strolled amongst the graves or along walls. An old tomcat curled his tail around Keats’s gravestone, rubbing his battered head back and forth. Someone had left a tiny souvenir bear with a red t-shirt on the grave and our designer scooped it up, explaining to the bear (and to Keats) that she would take it to her daughter in Australia. Behind the headstone was a bunch of cellophane-wrapped rotting flowers. I knelt and kissed the grave. I felt the sun on my back, the cool of the stone; I remember the bright waxy new foliage in shadow and speckled sun and all my many complicated human feelings and thoughts were all together there with me at Keats’s grave.
Keats’s poems were my portals into poetry and his life and letters staged for me a revived creative relationship with myself as well as faith in the divine; there is no other explanation for his best poetry. The beautiful human Keats opened himself, he was ‘a bright torch, and a casement ope at night, to let the warm love in!’ Perhaps I will be ninety-three and mumbling,
Darkling I listen; and for many a time
I have been half in love with easeful Death,
Call’d him soft names in many a musèd rhyme
And if so, I hope I will savour it in my mouth and ear, I hope I will continue to enjoy this pathway Keats has opened into my senses, my soul and my imagination, a portal to the human heart.
Jane Campion, May 2009
POEMS
1817
‘What more felicity can fall to creature,
Than to enjoy delight with liberty.’
—SPENSER, Fate of the Butterfly
DEDICATION
To Leigh Hunt, Esq.
GLORY and loveliness have pass’d away;
For if we wander out in early morn,
No wreathed incense do we see upborne
Into the east, to meet the smiling day:
No crowd of nymphs soft-voiced and young and gay,
In woven baskets bringing ears of corn,
Roses, and pinks, and violets, to adorn
The shrine of Flora in her early May.
But there are left delights as high as these.
And I shall ever bless my destiny,
That in a time when under pleasant trees
Pan is no longer sought, I feel a free,
A leafy luxury, seeing I could please,
With these poor offerings, a man like thee.
‘I stood tip-toe upon a little hill’
‘Places of nestling green for poets made.’
—Story of Rimini
I STOOD tip-toe upon a little hill,
The air was cooling, and so very still,
That the sweet buds which with a modest pride
Pull droopingly, in slanting curve aside,
Their scantly leaved, and finely tapering stems,
Had not yet lost their starry diadems
Caught from the early sobbing of the morn.
The clouds were pure and white as flocks new shorn,
And fresh from the clear brook; sweetly they slept
On the blue fields of heaven, and then there crept
A little noiseless noise among the leaves,
Born of the very sigh that silence heaves:
For not the faintest motion could be seen
Of all the shades that slanted o’er the green.
There was wide wand’ring for the greediest eye,
To peer about upon variety;
Far round the horizon’s crystal air to skim,
And trace the dwindled edgings of its brim;
To picture out the quaint, and curious bending
Of the fresh woodland alley never ending;
Or by the bowery clefts, and leafy shelves,
Guess where the jaunty streams refresh themselves.
I gazed awhile, and felt as light and free
As though the fanning wings of Mercury
Had play’d upon my heels: I was light-hearted,
And many pleasures to my vision started;
So I straightway began to pluck a posey
Of luxuries bright, milky, soft, and rosy.
A bush of May-flowers with the bees about them;
Ah, sure no tasteful nook would be without them;
And let a lush laburnum oversweep them,
And let long grass grow round the roots to keep them
Moist, cool, and green; and shade the violets,
That they may bind the moss in leafy nets.
A filbert hedge with wild briar overtwined,
And clumps of woodbine taking the soft wind
Upon their summer thrones; there too should be
The frequent chequer of a youngling tree,
That with a score of light green brethren shoots
From the quaint mossiness of aged roots:
Round which is heard a spring-head of clear waters,
Babbling so wildly of its lovely daughters,
The spreading blue-bells: it may haply mourn
That such fair clusters should be rudely torn
From their fresh beds, and scatter’d thoughtlessly
By infant hands, left on the path to die.
Open afresh your round of starry folds,
Ye ardent marigolds!
Dry up the moisture from your golden lids,
For great Apollo bids
That in these days your praises should be sung
On many harps, which he has lately strung;
And when again your dewiness he kisses,
Tell him, I have you in my world of blisses:
So haply when I rove in some far vale,
His mighty voice may come upon the gale.
Here are sweet peas, on tip-toe for a flight
With wings of gentle flush o’er delicate white,
And taper fingers catching at all things,
To bind them all about with tiny rings.
Linger awhile upon some bending planks
That lean against a streamlet’s rushy banks,
And watch intently Nature’s gentle doings:
They will be found softer than ring-dove’s cooings.
How silent comes the water round that bend!
Not the minutest whisper does it send
To the o’erhanging sallows: blades of grass
Slowly across the chequer’d shadows pass.
Why, you might read two sonnets, ere they reach
To where the hurrying freshnesses aye preach
A natural sermon o’er their pebbly beds;
Where swarms of minnows show their little heads,
Staying their wavy bodies ’gainst the streams,
To taste the luxury of sunny beams
Temper’d with coolness. How they ever wrestle
With their own sweet delight, and ever nestle
Their silver bellies on the pebbly sand!
If you but scantily hold out the hand,
That very instant not one will remain;
But turn your eye, and they are there again.
The ripples seem right glad to reach those cresses,
And cool themselves among the em’rald tresses;
The while they cool themselves, they freshness give,
And moisture, that the bowery green may live:
So keeping up an interchange of favours,
Like good men in the truth of their behaviours.
Sometimes goldfinches one by one will drop
From low-hung branches: little space they stop.
But sip, and twitter, and their feathers sleek;
Then off at once, as in a wanton freak:
Or perhaps, to show their black and golden wings,
Pausing upon their yellow flutterings.
Were I in such a place, I sure should pray
That nought less sweet might call my thoughts away,
Than the soft rustle of a maiden’s gown
Fanning away the dandelion’s down;
Than the light music of her nimble toes
Patting against the sorrel as she goes.
How she would start, and blush, thus to be caught
Playing in all her innocence of thought!
O let me lead her gently o’er the brook,
Watch her half-smiling lips and downward look;
O let me for one moment touch her wrist;
Let me one moment to her breathing list;
And as she leaves me, may she often turn
Her fair eyes looking through her locks auburne.
What next? A tuft of evening primroses,
O’er which the mind may hover till it dozes;
O’er which it well might take a pleasant sleep,
But that ’tis ever startled by the leap
Of buds into ripe flowers; or by the flitting
Of divers moths, that aye their rest are quitting;
Or by the moon lifting her silver rim
Above a cloud, and with a gradual swim
Coming into the blue with all her light.
O Maker of sweet poets! dear delight
Of this fair world and all its gentle livers;
Spangler of clouds, halo of crystal rivers,
Mingler with leaves, and dew and tumbling streams,
Closer of lovely eyes to lovely dreams,
Lover of loneliness, and wandering,
Of upcast eye, and tender pondering!
Thee must I praise above all other glories
That smile us on to tell delightful stories.
For what has made the sage or poet write
But the fair paradise of Nature’s light?
In the calm grandeur of a sober line,
We see the waving of the mountain pine;
And when a tale is beautifully staid,
We feel the safety of a hawthorn glade:
When it is moving on luxurious wings,
The soul is lost in pleasant smotherings:
Fair dewy roses brush against our faces,
And flowering laurels spring from diamond vases;
O’erhead we see the jasmine and sweet briar,
And bloomy grapes laughing from green attire,
While at our feet, the voice of crystal bubbles
Charms us at once away from all our troubles:
So that we feel uplifted from the world,
Walking upon the white clouds wreath’d and curl’d.
So felt he, who first told how Psyche went
On the smooth wind to realms of wonderment;
What Psyche felt, and Love, when their full lips
First touch’d; what amorous and fondling nips
They gave each other’s cheeks; with all their sighs,
And how they kist each other’s tremulous eyes:
The silver lamp, – the ravishment – the wonder –
The darkness – loneliness – the fearful thunder;
Their woes gone by, and both to heaven upflown,
To bow for gratitude before Jove’s throne.
So did he feel, who pull’d the boughs aside,
That we might look into a forest wide,
To catch a glimpse of Fauns, and Dryades
Coming with softest rustle through the trees;
And garlands woven of flowers wild, and sweet,
Upheld on ivory wrists, or sporting feet:
Telling us how fair, trembling Syrinx fled
Arcadian Pan, with such a fearful dread.
Poor nymph, – poor Pan, – how he did weep to find
Nought but a lovely sighing of the wind
Along the reedy stream; a half-heard strain,
Full of sweet desolation – balmy pain.
What first inspir’d a bard of old to sing
Narcissus pining o’er the untainted spring
In some delicious ramble, he had found
A little space, with boughs all woven round;
And in the midst of all, a clearer pool
Than e’er reflected in its pleasant cool
The blue sky, here and there serenely peeping,
Through tendril wreaths fantastically creeping.
And on the bank a lonely flower he spied,
A meek and forlorn flower, with nought of pride,
Drooping its beauty o’er the watery clearness,
To woo its own sad image into nearness:
Deaf to light Zephyrus, it would not move;
But still would seem to droop, to pine, to love.
So while the Poet stood in this sweet spot,
Some fainter gleamings o’er his fancy shot;
Nor was it long ere he had told the tale
Of young Narcissus, and sad Echo’s bale.
Where had he been, from whose warm head outflew
That sweetest of all songs, that ever new,
That aye refreshing, pure deliciousness,
Coming ever to bless
The wanderer by moonlight? to him bringing
Shapes from the invisible world, unearthly singing
From out the middle air, from flowery nests,
And from the pillowy silkiness that rests
Full in the speculation of the stars.
Ah! surely he had burst our mortal bars:
Into some wond’rous region he had gone,
To search for thee, divine Endymion!
He was a Poet, sure a lover too,
Who stood on Latmus’ top, what time there blew
Soft breezes from the myrtle vale below:
And brought, in faintness solemn, sweet and slow,
A hymn from Dian’s temple; while upswelling,
The incense went to her own starry dwelling.
But though her face was clear as infant’s eyes,
Though she stood smiling o’er the sacrifice,
The Poet wept at her so piteous fate,
Wept that such beauty should be desolate:
So in fine wrath some golden sounds he won,
And gave meek Cynthia her Endymion.
Queen of the wide air; thou most lovely queen
Of all the brightness that mine eyes have seen!
As thou exceedest all things in thy shine,
So every tale does this sweet tale of thine.
O for three words of honey, that I might
Tell but one wonder of thy bridal night!
Where distant ships do seem to show their keels,
Phœbus awhile delay’d his mighty wheels,
And turn’d to smile upon thy bashful eyes,
Ere he his unseen pomp would solemnise.
The evening weather was so bright, and clear,
That men of health were of unusual cheer;
Stepping like Homer at the trumpet’s call,
Or young Apollo on the pedestal:
And lovely women were as fair and warm
As Venus looking sideways in alarm.
The breezes were ethereal, and pure,
And crept through half-closed lattices to cure
The languid sick; it cool’d their fever’d sleep,
And soothed them into slumbers full and deep.
Soon they awoke clear eyed: nor burnt with thirsting,
Nor with hot fingers, nor with temples bursting:
And springing up, they met the wond’ring sight
Of their dear friends, nigh foolish with delight;
Who feel their arms, and breasts, and kiss, and stare,
And on their placid foreheads part the hair.
Young men and maidens at each other gazed,
With hands held back, and motionless, amazed
To see the brightness in each other’s eyes;
And so they stood, fill’d with a sweet surprise,
Until their tongues were loosed in poesy.
Therefore no lover did of anguish die:
But the soft numbers, in that moment spoken,
Made silken ties, that never may be broken.
Cynthia! I cannot tell the greater blisses
That follow’d thine, and thy dear shepherd’s kisses:
Was there a Poet born? – but now no more –
My wand’ring spirit must no farther soar.
Specimen of an Induction to a Poem
Lo! I must tell a tale of chivalry;
For large white plumes are dancing in mine eye.
Not like the formal crest of latter days,
But bending in a thousand graceful ways;
So graceful, that it seems no mortal hand,
Or e’en the touch of Archimago’s wand,
Could charm them into such an attitude.
We must think rather, that in playful mood
Some mountain breeze had turn’d its chief delight
To show this wonder of its gentle might.
Lo! I must tell a tell of chivalry;
For while I muse, the lance points slantingly
Athwart the morning air: some lady sweet,
Who cannot feel for cold her tender feet,
From the worn top of some old battlement
Hails it with tears, her stout defender sent;
And from her own pure self no joy dissembling,
Wraps round her ample robe with happy trembling.
Sometimes, when the good knight his rest would take,
It is reflected, clearly, in a lake,
With the young ashen boughs, ’gainst which it rests,
And th’ half-seen mossiness of linnets’ nests.
Ah! shall I ever tell its cruelty,
When the fire flashes from a warrior’s eye,
And his tremendous hand is grasping it,
And his dark brow for very wrath is knit?
Or when his spirit, with more calm intent,
Leaps to the honours of a tournament,
And makes the gazers round about the ring
Stare at the grandeur of the balancing!
No, no! this is far off: – then how shall I
Revive the dying tones of minstrelsy,
Which linger yet about lone gothic arches,
In dark green ivy, and among wild larches?
How sing the splendour of the revelries,
When butts of wine are drunk off to the lees?
And that bright lance, against the fretted wall,
Beneath the shade of stately banneral,
Is slung with shining cuirass, sword, and shield?
Where ye may see a spur in bloody field.
Light-footed damsels move with gentle paces
Round the wide hall, and show their happy faces;
Or stand in courtly talk by fives and sevens:
Like those fair stars that twinkle in the heavens.
Yet must I tell a tale of chivalry:
Or wherefore comes that steed so proudly by?
Wherefore more proudly does the gentle knight
Rein in the swelling of his ample might?
Spenser! thy brows are archèd, open, kind,
And come like a clear sunrise to my mind;
And always does my heart with pleasure dance,
When I think on thy noble countenance:
Where never yet was aught more earthly seen
Than the pure freshness of thy laurels green.
Therefore, great bard, I not so fearfully
Call on thy gentle spirit to hover nigh
My daring steps: or if thy tender care,
Thus startled unaware,
Be jealous that the foot of other wight
Should madly follow that bright path of light
Traced by thy lov’d Libertas; he will speak,
And tell thee that my prayer is very meek;
That I will follow with due reverence,
And start with awe at mine own strange pretence.
Him thou wilt hear; so I will rest in hope
To see wide plains, fair trees, and lawny slope;
The morn, the eve, the light, the shade, the flowers;
Clear streams, smooth lakes, and overlooking towers.
Calidore
A Fragment
YOUNG Calidore is paddling o’er the lake;
His healthful spirit eager and awake
To feel the beauty of a silent eve,
Which seem’d full loth this happy world to leave,
The light dwelt o’er the scene so lingeringly.
He bares his forehead to the cool blue sky,
And smiles at the far clearness all around,
Until his heart is well-nigh overwound,
And turns for calmness to the pleasant green
Of easy slopes, and shadowy trees that lean
So elegantly o’er the waters’ brim
And show their blossoms trim.
Scarce can his clear and nimble eyesight follow
The freaks and dartings of the black-wing’d swallow,
Delighting much to see it, half at rest,
Dip so refreshingly its wings and breast
’Gainst the smooth surface, and to mark anon
The widening circles into nothing gone.
And now the sharp keel of his little boat
Comes up with ripple, and with easy float,
And glides into a bed of water-lilies:
Broad-leaved are they, and their white canopies
Are upward turn’d to catch the heavens’ dew
Near to a little island’s point they grew;
Whence Calidore might have the goodliest view
Of this sweet spot of earth. The bowery shore
Went off in gentle windings to the hoar
And light blue mountains: but no breathing man,
With a warm heart, and eye prepared to scan
Nature’s clear beauty, could pass lightly by
Objects that look’d out so invitingly
On either side. These gentle Calidore
Greeted, as he had known them long before.
The sidelong view of swelling leafiness,
Which the glad setting sun in gold doth dress,
Whence, ever and anon, the jay outsprings,
And scales upon the beauty of its wings.
The lonely turret, shatter’d and outworn,
Stands venerably proud; too proud to mourn
Its long-lost grandeur: fir-trees grow around,
Aye dropping their hard fruit upon the ground.
The little chapel, with the cross above,
Upholding wreaths of ivy; the white dove,
That on the windows spreads his feathers light,
And seems from purple clouds to wing its flight.
Green tufted islands casting their soft shades
Across the lake; sequester’d leafy glades,
That through the dimness of their twilight show
Large dock-leaves, spiral foxgloves, or the glow
Of the wild cat’s eyes, or the silvery stems
Of delicate birch-trees, or long grass which hems
A little brook. The youth had long been viewing
These pleasant things, and heaven was bedewing
The mountain flowers, when his glad senses caught
A trumpet’s silver voice. Ah! it was fraught
With many joys for him: the warder’s ken
Had found white coursers prancing in the glen:
Friends very dear to him he soon will see;
So pushes off his boat most eagerly.
And soon upon the lake he skims along,
Deaf to the nightingale’s first under-song;
Nor minds he the white swans that dream so sweetly,
His spirit flies before him so completely.
And now he turns a jutting point of land,
Whence may be seen the castle gloomy and grand:
Nor will a bee buzz round two swelling peaches,
Before the point of his light shallop reaches
Those marble steps that through the water dip:
Now over them he goes with hasty trip,
And scarcely stays to ope the folding doors;
Anon he leaps along the oaken floors
Of halls and corridors.
Delicious sounds! those little bright-eyed things
That float about the air on azure wings,
Had been less heartfelt by him than the clang
Of clattering hoofs: into the court he sprang,
Just as two noble steeds, and palfreys twain,
Were slanting out their necks with loosen’d rein;
While from beneath the threat’ning portcullis
They brought their happy burthens. What a kiss,
What gentle squeeze he gave each lady’s hand!
How tremblingly their delicate ankles spann’d!
Into how sweet a trance his soul was gone,
While whisperings of affection
Made him delay to let their tender feet
Come to the earth; with an incline so sweet
From their low palfreys o’er his neck they bent:
And whether there were tears of languishment,
Or that the evening dew had pearl’d their tresses,
He feels a moisture on his cheek, and blesses,
With lips that tremble, and with glistening eye,
All the soft luxury
That nestled in his arms. A dimpled hand,
Fair as some wonder out of fairyland,
Hung from his shoulder like the drooping flowers
Of whitest cassia, fresh from summer showers:
And this he fondled with his happy cheek,
As if for joy he would no further seek:
When the kind voice of good Sir Clerimond
Came to his ear, like something from beyond
His present being: so he gently drew
His warm arms, thrilling now with pulses new,
From their sweet thrall, and forward gently bending,
Thank’d heaven that his joy was never-ending;
While ’gainst his forehead he devoutly press’d
A hand heaven made to succour the distress’d;
A hand that from the world’s bleak promontory
Had lifted Calidore for deeds of glory.
Amid the pages, and the torches’ glare,
There stood a knight, patting the flowing hair
Of his proud horse’s mane: he was withal
A man of elegance, and stature tall:
So that the waving of his plumes would be
High as the berries of a wild ash tree,
Or as the wingèd cap of Mercury.
His armour was so dexterously wrought
In shape, that sure no living man had thought
It hard, and heavy steel: but that indeed
It was some glorious form, some splendid weed,
In which a spirit new come from the skies
Might live, and show itself to human eyes.
’Tis the far-famed, the brave Sir Gondibert,
Said the good man to Calidore alert;
While the young warrior with a step of grace
Came up, – a courtly smile upon his face,
And mailèd hand held out, ready to greet
The large-eyed wonder and ambitious heat
Of the aspiring boy; who as he led
Those smiling ladies, often turn’d his head
To admire the visor arch’d so gracefully
Over a knightly brow; while they went by,
The lamps that from the high roof’d hall were pendent,
And gave the steel a shining quite transcendent.
Soon in a pleasant chamber they are seated;
The sweet-lipp’d ladies have already greeted
All the green leaves that round the window clamber,
To show their purple stars, and bells of amber.
Sir Gondibert has doff’d his shining steel,
Gladdening in the free and airy feel
Of a light mantle; and while Clerimond
Is looking round about him with a fond
And placid eye, young Calidore is burning
To hear of knightly deeds, and gallant spurning
Of all unworthiness; and how the strong of arm
Kept off dismay, and terror, and alarm
From lovely woman: while brimful of this,
He gave each damsel’s hand so warm a kiss,
And had such manly ardour in his eye,
That each at other look’d half-staringly:
And then their features started into smiles,
Sweet as blue heavens o’er enchanted isles.
Softly the breezes from the forest came,
Softly they blew aside the taper’s flame;
Clear was the song from Philomel’s far bower;
Grateful the incense from the lime-tree flower;
Mysterious, wild, the far-heard trumpet’s tone;
Lovely the moon in ether, all alone:
Sweet too, the converse of these happy mortals,
As that of busy spirits when the portals
Are closing in the west; or that soft humming
We hear around when Hesperus is coming.
Sweet be their sleep.* * * *
To Some Ladies
WHAT though, while the wonders of nature exploring,
I cannot your light, mazy footsteps attend;
Nor listen to accents, that almost adoring,
Bless Cynthia’s face, the enthusiast’s friend?
Yet over the steep, whence the mountain stream rushes,
With you, kindest friends, in idea I muse;
Mark the clear tumbling crystal, its passionate gushes,
Its spray, that the wild flower kindly bedews.
Why linger ye so, the wild labyrinth strolling?
Why breathless, unable your bliss to declare?
Ah! you list to the nightingale’s tender condoling,
Responsive to sylphs, in the moonbeamy air.
’Tis morn, and the flowers with dew are yet drooping,
I see you are treading the verge of the sea:
And now! ah, I see it – you just now are stooping
To pick up the keepsake intended for me.
If a cherub, on pinions of silver descending,
Had brought me a gem from the fretwork of heaven;
And, smiles with his star-cheering voice sweetly blending,
The blessings of Tighe had melodiously given;
It had not created a warmer emotion
Than the present, fair nymphs, I was blest with from you;
Than the shell, from the bright golden sands of the ocean,
Which the emerald waves at your feet gladly threw.
For, indeed, ’tis a sweet and peculiar pleasure
(And blissful is he who such happiness finds),
To possess but a span of the hour of leisure
In elegant, pure, and aerial minds.
On receiving a Curious Shell and a Copy of Verses from the Same Ladies
HAST thou from the caves of Golconda, a gem
Pure as the ice-drop that froze on the mountain?
Bright as the humming-bird’s green diadem,
When it flutters in sunbeams that shine through a fountain?
Hast thou a goblet for dark sparkling wine;
That goblet right heavy, and massy, and gold?
And splendidly marked with the story divine
Of Armida the fair, and Rinaldo the bold?
Hast thou a steed with a mane richly flowing?
Hast thou a sword that thine enemy’s smart is?
Hast thou a trumpet rich melodies blowing?
And wear’st thou the shield of the famed Britomartis?
What is it that hangs from thy shoulder so brave,
Embroider’d with many a spring-peering flower?
Is it a scarf that thy fair lady gave?
And hastest thou now to that fair lady’s bower?
Ah! courteous Sir Knight, with large joy thou art crown’d;
Full many the glories that brighten thy youth!
I will tell thee my blisses, which richly abound
In magical powers to bless and to soothe.
On this scroll thou seest written in characters fair
A sunbeamy tale of a wreath, and a chain:
And, warrior, it nurtures the property rare
Of charming my mind from the trammels of pain.
This canopy mark: ’tis the work of a fay;
Beneath its rich shade did King Oberon languish,
When lovely Titania was far, far away,
And cruelly left him to sorrow and anguish.
There, oft would he bring from his soft-sighing lute
Wild strains to which, spell-bound, the nightingales listen’d!
The wondering spirits of heaven were mute,
And tears ’mong the dewdrops of morning oft glisten’d.
In this little dome, all those melodies strange,
Soft, plaintive, and melting, for ever will sigh;
Nor e’er will the notes from their tenderness change,
Nor e’er will the music of Oberon die.
So when I am in a voluptuous vein,
I pillow my head on the sweets of the rose,
And list to the tale of the wreath, and the chain,
Till its echoes depart; then I sink to repose.
Adieu! valiant Eric! with joy thou art crown’d,
Full many the glories that brighten thy youth,
I too have my blisses, which richly abound
In magical powers to bless and to soothe.
To * * * *
HADST thou lived in days of old,
O what wonders had been told
Of thy lively countenance,
And thy humid eyes, that dance
In the midst of their own brightness,
In the very fane of lightness;
Over which thine eyebrows, leaning,
Picture out each lovely meaning:
In a dainty bend they lie,
Like the streaks across the sky,
Or the feathers from a crow
Fallen on a bed of snow:
Of thy dark hair, that extends
Into many graceful bends;
As the leaves of hellebore
Turn to whence they sprung before;
And behind each ample curl
Peeps the richness of a pearl.
Downward too flows many a tress
With a glossy waviness,
Full, and round like globes that rise
From the censer to the skies
Through sunny air. Add too the sweetness
Of thy honey’d voice; the neatness
Of thine ankle lightly turn’d:
With those beauties, scarce discern’d,
Kept with such sweet privacy,
That they seldom meet the eye
Of the little loves that fly
Round about with eager pry.
Saving when, with freshening lave,
Thou dipp’st them in the taintless wave;
Like twin water-lilies, born
In the coolness of the morn.
O, if thou hadst breathèd then,
Now the Muses had been ten.
Couldst thou wish for lineage higher
Than twin-sister of Thalia?
At least for ever, evermore,
Will I call the Graces four.
Hadst thou lived when chivalry
Lifted up her lance on high,
Tell me what thou wouldst have been?
Ah! I see the silver sheen
Of thy broider’d floating vest
Cov’ring half thine ivory breast:
Which, O heavens! I should see,
But that cruel destiny
Has placed a golden cuirass there,
Keeping secret what is fair.
Like sunbeams in a cloudlet nested,
Thy locks in knightly casque are rested;
O’er which bend four milky plumes
Like the gentle lily’s blooms
Springing from a costly vase.
See with what a stately pace
Comes thine alabaster steed;
Servant of heroic deed!
O’er his loins, his trappings glow
Like the northern lights on snow.
Mount his back! thy sword unsheath!
Sign of the enchanter’s death;
Bane of every wicked spell;
Silencer of dragon’s yell.
Alas! thou this wilt never do,
Thou art an enchantress too,
And wilt never surely spill
Blood of those whose eyes can kill.
To Hope
WHEN by my solitary hearth I sit,
And hateful thoughts enwrap my soul in gloom;
When no fair dreams before my ‘mind’s eye’ flit,
And the bare heath of life presents no bloom;
Sweet Hope! ethereal balm upon me shed,
And wave thy silver pinions o’er my head.
Whene’er I wander, at the fall of night,
Where woven boughs shut out the moon’s bright ray,
Should sad Despondency my musings fright,
And frown, to drive fair Cheerfulness away,
Peep with the moonbeams through the leafy roof,
And keep that fiend Despondence far aloof.
Should Disappointment, parent of Despair,
Strive for her son to seize my careless heart
When, like a cloud, he sits upon the air,
Preparing on his spell-bound prey to dart:
Chase him away, sweet Hope, with visage bright,
And fright him, as the morning frightens night.
Whene’er the fate of those I hold most dear
Tells to my fearful breast a tale of sorrow,
O bright-eyed Hope, my morbid fancy cheer;
Let me awhile thy sweetest comforts borrow:
Thy heaven-born radiance around me shed,
And wave thy silver pinions o’er my head!
Should e’er unhappy love my bosom pain,
From cruel parents, or relentless fair,
O let me think it is not quite in vain
To sigh out sonnets to the midnight air!
Sweet Hope! ethereal balm upon me shed,
And wave thy silver pinions o’er my head.
In the long vista of the years to roll,
Let me not see our country’s honour fade,
O let me see our land retain her soul,
Her pride, her freedom; and not freedom’s shade.
From thy bright eyes unusual brightness shed –
Beneath thy pinions canopy my head!
Let me not see the patriot’s high bequest,
Great liberty! how great in plain attire!
With the base purple of a court oppress’d,
Bowing her head, and ready to expire:
But let me see thee stoop from heaven on wings
That fill the skies with silver glitterings!
And as, in sparkling majesty, a star
Gilds the bright summit of some gloomy cloud:
Brightening the half-veil’d face of heaven afar:
So, when dark thoughts my boding spirit shroud,
Sweet Hope! celestial influence round me shed,
Waving thy silver pinions o’er my head.
Imitation of Spenser
Now Morning from her orient chamber came,
And her first footsteps touch’d a verdant hill:
Crowning its lawny crest with amber flame,
Silv’ring the untainted gushes of its rill;
Which, pure from mossy beds, did down distil,
And after parting beds of simple flowers,
By many streams a little lake did fill,
Which round its marge reflected woven bowers,
And, in its middle space, a sky that never lowers.
There the kingfisher saw his plumage bright,
Vying with fish of brilliant dye below;
Whose silken fins, and golden scales’ light
Cast upward, through the waves, a ruby glow:
There saw the swan his neck of archèd snow,
And oar’d himself along with majesty:
Sparkled his jetty eyes; his feet did show
Beneath the waves like Afric’s ebony,
And on his back a fay reclined voluptuously.
Ah! could I tell the wonders of an isle
That in that fairest lake had placèd been,
I could e’en Dido of her grief beguile;
Or rob from aged Lear his bitter teen:
For sure so fair a place was never seen
Of all that ever charm’d romantic eye:
It seem’d an emerald in the silver sheen
Of the bright waters; or as when on high,
Through clouds of fleecy white, laughs the cærulean sky.
And all around it dipp’d luxuriously
Slopings of verdure through the glossy tide,
Which, as it were in gentle amity,
Rippled delighted up the flowery side;
As if to glean the ruddy tears it tried,
Which fell profusely from the rose-tree stem!
Haply it was the workings of its pride,
In strife to throw upon the shore a gem
Outvying all the buds in Flora’s diadem.
‘Woman! when I behold thee flippant, vain’
WOMAN! when I behold thee flippant, vain,
Inconstant, childish, proud, and full of fancies;
Without that modest softening that enhances
The downcast eye, repentant of the pain
That its mild light creates to heal again;
E’en then, elate, my spirit leaps and prances,
E’en then my soul with exultation dances,
For that to love, so long, I’ve dormant lain:
But when I see thee meek, and kind, and tender,
Heavens! how desperately do I adore
Thy winning graces; – to be thy defender
I hotly burn – to be a Calidore –
A very Red Cross Knight – a stout Leander –
Might I be loved by thee like these of yore.
Light feet, dark violet eyes, and parted hair;
Soft dimpled hands, white neck and creamy breast;
Are things on which the dazzled senses rest
Till the fond, fixed eyes forget they stare.
From such fine pictures, heavens! I cannot dare
To turn my admiration, though unpossess’d
They be of what is worthy, – though not drest
In lovely modesty, and virtues rare.
Yet these I leave as thoughtless as a lark:
These lures I straight forget, – e’en ere I dine,
Or thrice my palate moisten: but when I mark
Such charms with mild intelligences shine,
My ear is open like a greedy shark,
To catch the tunings of a voice divine.
Ah! who can e’er forget so fair a being?
Who can forget her half-retiring sweets?
God! she is like a milk-white lamb that bleats
For man’s protection. Surely the All-seeing,