Edition : BOD

ISBN-9782322160303

January 2017

BoD - Books on Demand GmbH

Table of Contents

• Chapter A
• Chapter B
• Chapter C
• Chapter D
• Chapter E
• Chapter F
• Chapter G
• Chapter H
• Chapter I
• Chapter J
• Chapter K
• Chapter L
• Chapter M
• Chapter N
• Chapter O
• Chapter P
• Chapter Q
• Chapter R
• Chapter S
• Chapter T
• Chapter U
• Chapter V
• Chapter W
• Chapter X
• Chapter Y
• Chapter Z

A

a cappella - Sung without instrumental accompaniment.

AABA - The most common popular song form.

accent - A note or tone that is given stress by volume or attack.

acclaim - Enthusiastic approval. He won acclaim as a member of the samba jazz pioneers Sambalanço Trio and for his landmark recording Quarteto Novo with Hermeto Pascoal in 1967.

acid jazz - Music for dancing, first heard in the 1980s, that combines elements of soul jazz, funk, and hip hop, and mixes acoustic and electric instruments. (See also groove and club jazz.)...

acoustic - relating to the study of the physical properties of sound

ad lib - Also "ad libitum." A notation on written music that gives the performer freedom to vary the notes or tempo; in jazz it typically means to improvise freely.

African-American music - music created by African-American musicians. The ultimate significance of all this is that the experiments in jazz during the 1940s brought back to African-American music several structural principles and techniques rooted in African traditions -Kubik (2005).

afro - A rounded thickly curled hairdo. As the music has developed and spread around the world it has drawn on many different national, regional and local musical cultures giving rise, since its early 20th century American beginnings, to many distinctive styles: New Orleans jazz dating from the early 1910s, big band swing , Kansas City jazz and Gypsy jazz from the 1930s and 1940s, bebop from the mid-1940s and on down through West Coast jazz , cool jazz , avant-garde jazz , Afro-Cuban jazz , modal jazz , free jazz...

air check - A musical radio broadcast that was originally recorded for distribution to other stations; radio broadcasts that people have recorded off the radio that are sometimes released commercially or bootlegged.

all-in - The last chorus (in older jazz), often louder and more vigorous than the rest, and played by the ensemble.

alteration: The raising or lowering of a tone by a halfstep, from its diatonic value in a chord. In Jazz usage, the fifth and ninth may be raised (augmented) or lowered (diminished); the fourth (or eleventh) may be augmented; the thirteenth may be diminished. The expression 'diminished seventh' is used solely as the name of a chord. Of course, in general music theory, any interval may be augmented or diminished.

altered chord - A dominant chord that has the 5th or 9th raised or lowered by a single semi-tone.

alternate takes - The various takes recorded of a piece of music at a single recording session, that for whatever reasons were not chosen to be used. (A version recorded on a different day is not an alternate take.)...

altissimo - very high

amplification - addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

archetypal - of an original type after which other things are patterned

arco - Playing a string instrument with the bow, instead of pizzicato.

arpeggio - Sounding the individual notes of a chord quickly, one at a time, usually starting at the lowest note.

arrangement - An adaptation of a musical composition. Arrangements may be as minimal as a bass line or as complex as a full orchestral score. An arranger may take such great liberties with the original piece that it becomes a new composition.

arranger - A person who writes arrangements.

arrhythmic - Without an obvious beat.

Armstrong - United States pioneering jazz trumpeter and bandleader

articulation - The style in which a tone is produced, i.e., with slurs, staccato, variations in volume, and the like.

A Section: The first section of a tune, typically 8 bars; the main theme.

atonal - Without a tonal center.

attack - The manner in which a tone is articulated.

augmented: Raised by a half-step. See 'Alteration'.

avant-garde jazz - A term loosely applied to various forms of "experimental" jazz first heard in the 1950s, and their later offshoots, especially in the sixties and seventies (see free jazz)...

ax - Also "axe." Any musical instrument.

B

back beat - A rhythmic device 2 and 4 in 4/4 time in which the second and fourth beat of a measure is heavily emphasized in 4/4 time.

ballad - A slow song, usually of a romantic nature; sometimes used for any song of the AABA or similar popular song form.

balloon lungs - A brass man with plenty of wind.That cat must have "balloon lungs," Stix said he held that note for three and half minutes!"

bar - Also known as measure. A grouping of beats, that establishes the meter of a piece of music.

barn burner - Originally in Sinatra slang this was a stylish, classy woman, but today, it can even be applied to a good football game.Hey, Quincy, did you see Stella over at the diner? Man, she is one amazing "barn burner."

barre chord or bar chord - A guitar chord in which the first (or another finger) holds down two or more adjacent strings (that is it "bars" several notes)

barrelhouse