The English edition of Braun’s “Die Tierischen Parasiten des Menschen,” produced in 1906, being out of print, the publishers decided to issue another edition based on the translation of Braun’s fourth German edition, which appeared in 1908, to which had been added an appendix, by Dr. Otto Seifert on Treatment, etc.
When the work was considered with a view to a new edition, it was found that a vast amount of new matter had to be incorporated, numerous alterations essential for bringing it up to date were necessitated, and many omissions were inevitable. The result is that parts of the book have been rewritten, and, apart from early historical references, the work of Braun has disappeared. This is more particularly the case with the Protozoa section of the present work. The numerous additions, due to the great output of scientific literature and other delays in publication, have led to the book being somewhat less homogeneous than we desired, and have necessitated the use of appendices to allow of the presentation of new facts only recently ascertained. Many new illustrations have been added or substituted for older, less detailed ones. Some of these new figures were drawn specially for this book.
The first section, on the Protozoa, has been written by Dr. Fantham, there being little of the original text left except parts of the historical portions, and thus the section on Protozoa must be considered as new. The second section, on Worms (except the Acanthocephala, Gordiidæ and Hirudinea), has been remodelled by Professor Stephens to such an extent that this, too, must not be looked upon as a translation of Braun’s book. With regard to the Arthropoda, much remains as in the last English edition, but some new matter added by Braun in his fourth German edition is included, and much new matter by Mr. Theobald has been incorporated. As regards the Appendix by Dr. Seifert, the first section has been remodelled, but the sections on the Helminthes and the Arthropoda are practically translations of the original.
The authors desire to express their thanks to Miss A. Porter, D.Sc., J. P. Sharples, Esq., B.A., M.R.C.S., and H. F. Carter, Esq., F.E.S., for valuable help. They also wish to thank the authors, editors, and publishers of several manuals and journals for their courtesy in allowing the reproduction of certain of their illustrations. In this connection mention must be made more particularly of Professor Castellani, Dr. Chalmers, Professor Doflein, Dr. Leiper, the late Professor Minchin, Professor Nuttall, Dr. Wenyon, Mr. Edw. Arnold, Messrs. Baillière, Tindall and Cox, Messrs. Black, Messrs. Cassell, Dr. Gustav Fischer, Messrs. Heinemann, the Cambridge University Press, the Editors of the Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, the Editors of the Journal of Experimental Medicine, and the Editor of the Tropical Diseases Bulletin.
H. B. F.
J. W. W. S.
F. V. T.
December, 1915.
| PAGE | |
| PREFACE | iii |
| ERRATA | xxxii |
| ON PARASITES IN GENERAL |
1
|
| Occasional and Permanent Parasitism |
1
|
| Entozoa, Endoparasites, Helminthes, Turbellaria |
2
|
| Hermaphroditism |
4
|
| Fertility of Parasites |
5
|
| Transmigrations |
5
|
| Commensals, Mutualists |
6
|
| Incidental and Pseudo-parasites |
6
|
| The Influence of Parasites on the Host |
8
|
| Origin of Parasites |
10
|
| Derivation of Parasites |
19
|
| Change of Host |
20
|
| Literature |
22
|
|
|
|
| THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN |
25
|
| A. Protozoa |
25
|
| Classification of the Protozoa. | |
| Class I. Sarcodina |
27
|
| Order. Amœbina |
27
|
| Foraminifera |
27
|
| Heliozoa |
27
|
| Radiolaria |
28
|
| Class II. Mastigophora |
28
|
| III. Sporozoa |
28
|
| Sub-class 1. Telosporidia |
28
|
| Order. Gregarinida |
28
|
| Coccidiidea |
28
|
| Hæmosporidia |
28
|
| Sub-class 2. Neosporidia |
28
|
| Order. Myxosporidia |
28
|
| Microsporidia |
28
|
| Sarcosporidia |
28
|
| Haplosporidia |
29
|
| Class IV. Infusoria |
29
|
| V. Suctoria |
29
|
| Class I. Sarcodina, Bütschli, 1882 |
29
|
| Order. Amœbina, Ehrenberg |
29
|
| A. Human Intestinal Amœbæ |
29
|
| Entamœba coli, Lösch, 1875, emend. Schaudinn, 1903 |
32
|
| Entamœba histolytica, Schaudinn, 1903 |
34
|
| Entamœba tetragena, Viereck, 1907 |
38
|
| Noc’s Entamœba, 1909 |
41
|
| Entamœba buccalis, Prowazek, 1904 |
43
|
| Entamœba undulans, Castellani, 1905 |
43
|
| Entamœba kartulisi, Doflein, 1901 |
44
|
| Amœba gingivalis, A. buccalis, A. dentalis |
44
|
| Genus. Paramœba, Schaudinn, 1896 |
44
|
| Paramœba (Craigia) hominis, Craig, 1906 |
45
|
| B. Amœbæ from other Organs |
45
|
| Entamœba pulmonalis, Artault, 1898 |
45
|
| Amœba urogenitalis, Baelz, 1883 |
45
|
| Amœba miurai, Ijima, 1898 |
46
|
| Appendix: “Rhizopods in Poliomyelitis Acuta” |
46
|
| Order. Foraminifera, d’Orbigny |
47
|
| Sub-order. Monothalamia (Testaceous Amœbæ) |
47
|
| Genus. Chlamydophrys, Cienkowski, 1876 |
47
|
| Chlamydophrys enchelys, Ehrenberg |
47
|
| Leydenia gemmipara, Schaudinn, 1896 |
49
|
| Class II. Mastigophora, Diesing |
50
|
| Sub-class. Flagellata, Cohn emend. Bütschli |
50
|
| Order. Polymastigina, Blochmann |
52
|
| Genus. Trichomonas, Donné, 1837 |
52
|
| Trichomonas vaginalis, Donné |
52
|
| Trichomonas intestinalis, R. Leuckart, 1879 = Trichomonas hominis, Davaine, 1854 |
54
|
| Genus. Tetramitus, Perty, 1852 |
57
|
| Tetramitus mesnili, Wenyon, 1910 |
57
|
| Genus. Lamblia, R. Blanchard, 1888 |
57
|
| Lamblia intestinalis, Lambl, 1859 |
57
|
| Order. Protomonadina, Blochmann |
60
|
| Family. Cercomonadidæ, Kent emend. Bütschli |
61
|
| Genus. Cercomonas, Dujardin emend. Bütschli |
61
|
| Cercomonas hominis, Davaine, 1854 |
61
|
| Monas pyophila, R. Blanchard, 1895 |
62
|
| Family. Bodonidæ, Bütschli |
63
|
| Genus. Prowazekia, Hartmann and Chagas, 1910 |
63
|
| Prowazekia urinaria, Hassall, 1859 |
63
|
| Prowazekia asiatica, Castellani and Chalmers, 1910 |
65
|
| Prowazekia javanensis, Flu, 1912 |
66
|
| Prowazekia cruzi, Hartmann and Chagas, 1910 |
66
|
| Prowazekia weinbergi, Mathis and Léger, 1910 |
66
|
| Prowazekia parva, Nägler, 1910 |
66
|
| Family. Trypanosomidæ, Doflein |
66
|
| Genus. Trypanosoma, Gruby, 1843 |
67
|
| Historical |
67
|
| General |
69
|
| Morphology |
70
|
| Trypanosoma gambiense, Dutton, 1902 |
72
|
| Trypanosoma nigeriense, Macfie, 1913 |
76
|
| Trypanosoma rhodesiense, Stephens and Fantham, 1910 |
76
|
| General Note on Trypanosomes with Posterior Nuclei |
83
|
| Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas, 1909 |
83
|
| Trypanosoma lewisi, Kent, 1881 |
88
|
| Trypanosoma brucei, Plimmer and Bradford, 1899 |
93
|
| Trypanosoma evansi, Steel, 1885 |
95
|
| Trypanosoma equinum, Voges, 1901 |
96
|
| Trypanosoma equiperdum, Doflein, 1901 |
97
|
| Trypanosoma theileri, Bruce, 1902 |
98
|
| Trypanosoma hippicum, Darling, 1910 |
98
|
| Endotrypanum schaudinni, Mesnil and Brimont, 1908 |
99
|
| Trypanosoma boylei, Lafont, 1912 |
99
|
| Monomorphic Trypanosomes |
99
|
| Trypanosoma vivax, Ziemann, 1905 |
99
|
| Trypanosoma capræ, Kleine, 1910 | 100 |
| Trypanosoma congolense, Broden, 1904 | 100 |
| Trypanosoma simiæ, Bruce, 1912 | 100 |
| Trypanosoma uniforme, Bruce, 1910 | 101 |
| General Note on Development of Trypanosomes in Glossina | 101 |
| Adaptation of Trypanosomes | 101 |
| Genus. Herpetomonas, Saville Kent, 1881 | 102 |
| Genus. Crithidia, Léger, 1902, emend. Patton, 1908 | 104 |
| Genus. Leishmania, Ross, 1903 | 104 |
| Leishmania donovani, Laveran and Mesnil, 1903 | 105 |
| Leishmania tropica, Wright, 1903 | 107 |
| Leishmania infantum, Nicolle, 1908 | 109 |
| Genus. Histoplasma, Darling, 1906 | 112 |
| Genus. Toxoplasma, Nicolle and Manceaux, 1908 | 112 |
| The Spirochætes | 114 |
| The Spirochætes of the Blood | 116 |
| Spirochæta duttoni, Novy and Knapp, 1906 | 116 |
| Spirochæta gallinarum, Stephens and Christophers, 1905 (= Spirochæta marchouxi, Nuttall, 1905) | 119 |
| Spirochæta recurrentis, Lebert, 1874 | 120 |
| Spirochæta rossii, Nuttall, 1908 | 122 |
| Spirochæta novyi, Schellack, 1907 | 122 |
| Spirochæta carteri, Mackie and Manson, 1907 | 122 |
| Spirochæta berbera, Sergent and Foley, 1910 | 122 |
| Other Human Spirochætes | 122 |
| Some Animal Spirochætes | 122 |
| Treponemata | 124 |
| Treponema pallidum, Schaudinn, 1905 | 124 |
| Treponema pertenue, Castellani, 1905 | 127 |
| Class III. Sporozoa, Leuckart, 1879 | 128 |
| Sub-class. Telosporidia, Schaudinn | 129 |
| Order. Gregarinida, Aimé Schneider emend. Doflein | 129 |
| Order. Coccidiidea | 135 |
| Genus. Eimeria, Aimé Schneider, 1875 | 142 |
| Eimeria avium, Silvestrini and Rivolta | 142 |
| Eimeria stiedæ, Lindemann, 1865 | 145 |
| (a) Human Hepatic Coccidiosis | 148 |
| (b) Human Intestinal Coccidiosis | 148 |
| (c) Doubtful Cases | 149 |
| Genus. Isospora, Aimé Schneider, 1881 | 149 |
| Isospora bigemina, Stiles, 1891 | 149 |
| Doubtful Species | 150 |
| Order. Hæmosporidia, Danilewsky emend. Schaudinn | 151 |
| The Malarial Parasites of Man | 155 |
| Development of the Malarial Parasites of Man | 159 |
| The Species of the Malarial Parasites of Man | 164 |
| Plasmodium vivax, Grassi and Feletti, 1890 | 164 |
| Plasmodium malariæ, Laveran | 166 |
| Laverania malariæ, Grassi and Feletti, 1890 (= Plasmodium falciparum, Welch, 1897) | 167 |
| Plasmodium relictum, Sergent, 1907 (in birds) | 170 |
| Cultivation of Malarial Parasites | 170 |
| Differential Characters of the Human Malarial Parasites | 171 |
| Family. Piroplasmidæ, França, 1909 | 172 |
| Genus. Babesia, Starcovici, 1893 | 174 |
| Genus. Theileria, Bettencourt, França and Borges, 1907 | 178 |
| Theileria parva, Theiler, 1903 | 178 |
| Theileria mutans, Theiler, 1907 | 180 |
| Genus. Anaplasma, Theiler, 1910 | 180 |
| Genus. Paraplasma, Seidelin, 1911 | 180 |
| Sub-class. Neosporidia, Schaudinn | 181 |
| Order. Myxosporidia, Bütschli | 181 |
| Order. Microsporidia, Balbiani | 184 |
| Order. Actinomyxidia, Stolč. | 187 |
| Order. Sarcosporidia, Balbiani | 187 |
| Sarcosporidia observed in Man | 193 |
| Order. Haplosporidia, Caullery and Mesnil, 1899 | 194 |
| Rhinosporidium kinealyi, Minchin and Fantham, 1905 | 195 |
| Class IV. Infusoria, Ledermüller, 1763 | 198 |
| Genus. Balantidium, Claparède et Lachmann | 200 |
| Balantidium coli, Malmsten, 1857 | 200 |
| Balantidium minutum, Schaudinn, 1899 | 204 |
| Genus. Nyctotherus, Leidy, 1849 | 204 |
| Nyctotherus faba, Schaudinn, 1899 | 205 |
| Nyctotherus giganteus, P. Krause, 1906 | 205 |
| [Nyctotherus] africanus, Castellani, 1905 | 206 |
| The Chlamydozoa | 207 |
| Protozoa Incertæ Sedis | 210 |
| Sergentella hominis, Brumpt, 1910 | 210 |
|
|
|
| B. Platyhelminthes (or Flat Worms) | 211 |
| Classification of the Platyhelminthes. | |
| Class I. Turbellaria (or Eddy Worms) | 212 |
| Order 1. Rhabdocœlida | 212 |
| 2. Tricladida | 212 |
| 3. Polycladida | 212 |
| Class II. Trematoda (Sucking Worms) | 212 |
| III. Cestoda (Tapeworms) | 212 |
| Class II. Trematoda, Rud. | 212 |
| Development of the Trematodes | 222 |
| Biology | 229 |
| Classification of the Trematodes of Man. | |
| Order. Digenea, v. Beneden, 1858 | 230 |
| Sub-order. Prostomata, Odhner, 1905 | 230 |
| Group. Amphistomata, Rudolphi, 1801, ep., Nitzsch, 1819 | 230 |
| Family. Paramphistomidæ, Fischoeder, 1901 | 231 |
| Sub-family. Paramphistominæ, Fischoeder, 1901 | 231 |
| Cladorchiinæ, Fischoeder, 1901 | 231 |
| Family. Gastrodisciidæ, Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 | 231 |
| Group. Distomata, Retzius, 1782 | 231 |
| Family. Fasciolidæ, Railliet, 1895 | 231 |
| Sub-family. Fasciolinæ, Odhner, 1910 | 231 |
| Fasciolopsinæ, Odhner, 1910 | 231 |
| Family. Opisthorchiidæ, Braun, 1901, emend, auctor. | 232 |
| Sub-family. Opisthorchiinæ, Looss, 1899, emend, auctor. | 232 |
| Metorchiinæ, Lühe, 1909 | 232 |
| Family. Dicrocœliidæ, Odhner, 1910 | 232 |
| Heterophyiidæ, Odhner, 1914 | 232 |
| Troglotremidæ, Odhner, 1914 | 232 |
| Echinostomidæ, Looss, 1902 | 233 |
| Sub-family. Echinostominæ, Looss, 1899 | 233 |
| Himasthlinæ, Odhner, 1910 | 233 |
| Family. Schistosomidæ, Looss, 1899 | 233 |
| The Trematodes observed in Man | 234 |
| Family. Paramphistomidæ, Stiles and Goldberger, emend. 1910 | 234 |
| Sub-family. Cladorchiinæ, Fischoeder, 1901 | 234 |
| Genus. Watsonius, Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 | 234 |
| Watsonius watsoni, Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 | 234 |
| Family. Gastrodisciidæ | 236 |
| Genus. Gastrodiscus, Lkt., 1877 | 236 |
| Gastrodiscus hominis, Lewis and McConnell, 1876 | 236 |
| Family. Fasciolidæ, Railliet, 1895 | 237 |
| Sub-family. Fasciolinæ, Odhner, 1910 | 237 |
| Genus. Fasciola, L., 1758 | 237 |
| Fasciola hepatica, L., 1758 | 237 |
| Halzoun | 242 |
| Fasciola gigantica, Cobbold, 1856 | 244 |
| Sub-family. Fasciolopsinæ, Odhner, 1910 | 245 |
| Genus. Fasciolopsis, Looss, 1898 | 245 |
| Fasciolopsis buski, Lank., 1857 | 245 |
| Fasciolopsis rathouisi, Ward, 1903 | 246 |
| Fasciolopsis goddardi, Ward, 1910 | 247 |
| Fasciolopsis fülleborni, Rodenwaldt, 1909 | 247 |
| Family. Troglotremidæ, Odhner, 1914 | 249 |
| Genus. Paragonimus, Braun, 1899 | 249 |
| Paragonimus ringeri, Cobb., 1880 | 249 |
| Family. Opisthorchiidæ, Braun, 1901 | 252 |
| Sub-family. Opisthorchiinæ, Looss, 1899 | 252 |
| Genus. Opisthorchis, R. Blanch., 1845 | 252 |
| Opisthorchis felineus, Riv., 1885 | 252 |
| Genus. Paropisthorchis, Stephens, 1912 | 255 |
| Paropisthorchis caninus, Barker, 1912 | 255 |
| Genus. Amphimerus, Barker, 1912 (?) | 257 |
| Amphimerus noverca, Barker, 1912 (?) | 258 |
| Genus. Clonorchis, Looss, 1907 | 258 |
| Clonorchis sinensis, Cobbold, 1875 | 258 |
| Clonorchis endemicus, Baelz, 1883 | 259 |
| Sub-family. Metorchiinæ, Lühe, 1909 | 261 |
| Genus. Metorchis, Looss, 1899, emend. auctor. | 261 |
| Metorchis truncatus, Rud., 1819 | 261 |
| Family. Heterophyiidæ, Odhner, 1914 | 262 |
| Genus. Heterophyes, Cobbold, 1866 | 262 |
| Heterophyes heterophyes, v. Sieb., 1852 | 262 |
| Metagonimus, Katsurada, 1913; Yokogawa, Leiper, 1913 | 264 |
| Metagonimus yokogawai, Katsurada, 1913 | 264 |
| Family. Dicrocœliidæ, Odhner, 1910 | 265 |
| Genus. Dicrocœlium, Dujardin | 265 |
| Dicrocœlium dendriticum, Rud., 1819 | 266 |
| Family. Echinostomidæ, Looss, 1902 | 267 |
| Sub-family. Echinostominæ, Looss, 1899 | 267 |
| Genus. Echinostoma, Rud., 1809; Dietz, 1910 | 267 |
| Echinostoma ilocanum, Garrison, 1908 | 267 |
| Echinostoma malayanum, Leiper, 1911 | 268 |
| Sub-family. Himasthlinæ, Odhner, 1910 | 269 |
| Genus. Artyfechinostomum, Clayton-Lane, 1915 | 269 |
| Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex, Clayton-Lane, 1915 | 269 |
| Family. Schistosomidæ, Looss, 1899 | 269 |
| Genus. Schistosoma, Weinl., 1858 | 269 |
| Schistosoma hæmatobium, Bilharz, 1852 | 270 |
| Schistosoma mansoni, Sambon, 1907 | 277 |
| Schistosoma japonicum, Katsurada, 1904 | 277 |
| Class III. Cestoda, Rud., 1808 | 282 |
| Anatomy of the Cestoda | 284 |
| Development of the Tapeworms | 297 |
| Biology | 306 |
| Classification of the Cestoda of Man. | |
| Order. Pseudophyllidea, Carus, 1863 | 308 |
| Family. Dibothriocephalidæ, Lühe, 1902 | 308 |
| Sub-family. Dibothriocephalinæ, Lühe, 1899 | 308 |
| Order. Cyclophyllidea, v. Beneden | 308 |
| Family. Dipylidiidæ, Lühe, 1910 | 309 |
| Hymenolepididæ, Railliet and Henry, 1909 | 309 |
| Davaineidæ, Fuhrmann, 1907 | 309 |
| Sub-family. Davaineinæ, Braun, 1900 | 309 |
| Family. Tæniidæ, Ludwig, 1886 | 309 |
| The Cestodes of Man | 309 |
| Family. Dibothriocephalidæ | 309 |
| Sub-family. Dibothriocephalinæ | 309 |
| Genus. Dibothriocephalus, Lühe, 1899 | 309 |
| Dibothriocephalus latus, L., 1748 | 310 |
| Dibothriocephalus cordatus, R. Lkt., 1863 | 315 |
| Dibothriocephalus parvus, Stephens, 1908 | 316 |
| Genus. Diplogonoporus, Lönnbrg., 1892 | 316 |
| Diplogonoporus grandis, R. Blanch., 1894 | 316 |
| Sparganum, Diesing, 1854 | 317 |
| Sparganum mansoni, Cobb., 1883 | 317 |
| Sparganum proliferum, Ijima, 1905 | 318 |
| Family. Dipylidiidæ, Lühe, 1910 | 320 |
| Genus. Dipylidium, R. Lkt., 1863 | 320 |
| Dipylidium caninum, L. 1758 | 320 |
| Family. Hymenolepididæ, Railliet and Henry, 1909 | 323 |
| Genus. Hymenolepis, Weinland, 1858 | 323 |
| Hymenolepis nana, v. Sieb., 1852 | 323 |
| Hymenolepis diminuta, Rud., 1819 | 326 |
| Hymenolepis lanceolata, Bloch, 1782 | 328 |
| Family. Davaineidæ, Fuhrmann, 1907 | 329 |
| Sub-family. Davaineinæ, Braun, 1900 | 329 |
| Genus. Davainea, R. Blanch., 1891 | 329 |
| Davainea madagascariensis, Davaine, 1869 | 329 |
| Davainea (?) asiatica, v. Linst., 1901 | 330 |
| Family. Tæniidæ, Ludwig, 1886 | 331 |
| Genus. Tænia, L., 1758 | 331 |
| Tænia solium, L., p. p., 1767 | 331 |
| Cysticercus acanthotrias, Weinland, 1858 | 336 |
| Tænia bremneri, Stephens, 1908 | 337 |
| Tænia marginata, Batsch., 1786 | 338 |
| Tænia serrata, Goeze, 1782 | 338 |
| Tænia crassicollis, Rud., 1810 | 338 |
| Tænia saginata, Goeze, 1782 | 338 |
| Tænia africana, v. Linst., 1900 | 342 |
| Tænia confusa, Ward, 1896 | 343 |
| Tænia echinococcus, v. Sieb., 1853 | 344 |
| Structure and Development of Echinococcus(Hydatid) | 347 |
| Echinococcus multilocularis (Alveolar Colloid) | 356 |
| Serum Diagnosis of Echinococcus | 359 |
|
|
|
| C. Nemathelminthes | 360 |
| Class. Nematoda | 360 |
| Anatomy of the Nematodes | 360 |
| Development of the Nematodes | 371 |
| Classification of the Nematoda. | |
| Family. Anguillulidæ, Gervais and van Beneden, 1859 | 374 |
| Angiostomidæ, Braun, 1895 | 374 |
| Gnathostomidæ | 374 |
| Dracunculidæ, Leiper, 1912 | 374 |
| Filariidæ, Claus, 1885 | 374 |
| Trichinellidæ, Stiles and Crane, 1910 | 375 |
| Dioctophymidæ | 375 |
| Strongylidæ, Cobbold, 1864 | 375 |
| Physalopteridæ | 375 |
| Ascaridæ, Cobbold, 1864 | 375 |
| Oxyuridæ | 375 |
| The Nematodes observed in Man | 376 |
| Family. Anguillulidæ | 377 |
| Genus. Rhabditis, Dujardin, 1845 | 377 |
| Rhabditis pellio, Schneider, 1866 | 377 |
| Rhabditis niellyi, Blanchard, 1885 | 378 |
| Rhabditis, sp. | 378 |
| Genus. Anguillula, Ehrenberg, 1826 | 379 |
| Anguillula aceti, Müller, 1783 | 379 |
| Genus. Anguillulina, Gervais and Beneden, 1859 | 379 |
| Anguillulina putrefaciens, Kühn, 1879 | 379 |
| Family. Angiostomidæ, Braun, 1895 | 379 |
| Genus. Strongyloides, Grassi, 1879 | 379 |
| Strongyloides stercoralis, Bavay, 1877 | 380 |
| Family. Gnathostomidæ | 384 |
| Genus. Gnathostoma, Owen, 1836 | 384 |
| Gnathostoma siamense, Levinson, 1889 | 384 |
| Gnathostoma spinigerum, Owen, 1836 | 385 |
| Family. Dracunculidæ, Leiper, 1912 | 385 |
| Genus. Dracunculus, Kniphoff, 1759 | 385 |
| Dracunculus medinensis, Velsch, 1674 | 386 |
| Genus (of Crustacea). Cyclops, Müller, 1776 | 390 |
| Family. Filariidæ | 390 |
| Sub-family. Filariinæ | 390 |
| Genus. Filaria, O. Fr. Müller, 1787 | 390 |
| Filaria bancrofti, Cobbold, 1877 | 390 |
| Filaria demarquayi, Manson, 1895 | 403 |
| Filaria taniguchi, Penel, 1905 | 404 |
| Filaria (?) conjunctivæ, Addario, 1885 | 404 |
| Group. Agamofilaria, Stiles, 1906 | 406 |
| Agamofilaria georgiana | 406 |
| Agamofilaria palpebralis, Pace, 1867 (nec Wilson, 1844) | 406 |
| Agamofilaria oculi humani, v. Nordmann, 1832 | 406 |
| Agamofilaria labialis, Pane, 1864 | 407 |
| Filaria (?) romanorum-orientalis, Sarcani, 1888 | 407 |
| Filaria (?) kilimaræ, Kolb, 1898 | 407 |
| Filaria (?) sp. ? | 407 |
| Genus. Setaria, Viborg, 1795 | 407 |
| Setaria equina, Abildg., 1789 | 408 |
| Genus. Loa, Stiles, 1905 | 409 |
| Loa loa, Guyot, 1778 | 409 |
| Genus. Acanthocheilonema, Cobbold, 1870 | 414 |
| Acanthocheilonema perstans, Manson, 1891 | 414 |
| Genus. Dirofilaria, Railliet and Henry, 1911 | 416 |
| Dirofilaria magalhãesi, R. Blanchard, 1895 | 417 |
| Sub-family. Onchocercinæ, Leiper, 1911 | 417 |
| Genus. Onchocerca, Diesing, 1841 | 417 |
| Onchocerca volvulus, R. Leuckart, 1893 | 417 |
| Family. Trichinellidæ, Stiles and Crane, 1910 | 419 |
| Sub-family. Trichurinæ, Ransom, 1911 | 419 |
| Genus. Trichuris, Röderer and Wagler, 1761 | 419 |
| Trichuris trichiura, Linnæus, 1761 | 419 |
| Sub-family. Trichinellinæ, Ransom, 1911 | 421 |
| Genus. Trichinella, Railliet, 1895 | 421 |
| Trichinella spiralis, Owen, 1835 | 421 |
| History of the Development of Trichinella spiralis | 423 |
| Family. Dioctophymidæ | 431 |
| Genus. Dioctophyme, Collet-Megret, 1802 | 431 |
| Dioctophyme gigas, Rudolphi, 1802 | 431 |
| Family. Strongylidæ | 432 |
| Sub-family. Metastrongylinæ, Leiper, 1908 | 432 |
| Genus. Metastrongylus, Molin, 1861 | 432 |
| Metastrongylus apri, Gmelin, 1789 | 432 |
| Sub-family. Trichostrongylinæ, Leiper, 1908 | 433 |
| Genus. Trichostrongylus, Looss, 1905 | 434 |
| Trichostrongylus instabilis, Railliet, 1893 | 434 |
| Trichostrongylus probolurus, Railliet, 1896 | 435 |
| Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Looss, 1905 | 435 |
| Genus. Hæmonchus, Cobb., 1898 | 436 |
| Hæmonchus contortus, Rudolphi, 1803; Cobb., 1898 | 436 |
| Genus. Nematodirus, Ransom, 1907, emend. Railliet, 1912 | 438 |
| Sub-genus. Mecistocirrus, Railliet, 1912 | 438 |
| Mecistocirrus fordi, Daniels, 1908 | 438 |
| Sub-family. Ancylostominæ, Railliet, 1909 | 438 |
| Group. Œsophagostomeæ, Railliet and Henry, 1909 | 439 |
| Genus. Ternidens, Railliet, 1909 | 439 |
| Ternidens deminutus, Railliet and Henry, 1905 | 440 |
| Genus. Œsophagostomum, Molin, 1861 | 441 |
| Œsophagostomum brumpti, Railliet and Henry, 1905 | 441 |
| Œsophagostomum stephanostomum var. thomasi, Railliet and Henry, 1909 | 443 |
| Œsophagostomum apiostomum, Willach, 1891 | 444 |
| Group. Ancylostomeæ, Railliet and Henry, 1909 | 445 |
| Genus. Ancylostoma, Dubini, 1843, emend. Looss, 1905 | 445 |
| Ancylostoma duodenale, Dubini, 1843 | 445 |
| Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Looss, 1911 | 456 |
| Ancylostoma braziliense, Gomez de Faria, 1910 | 456 |
| Group. Bunostomeæ, Railliet and Henry, 1909 | 456 |
| Genus. Necator, Stiles, 1903 | 457 |
| Necator americanus, Stiles, 1902 | 457 |
| Necator exilidens, Cummins, 1912 | 459 |
| Ancylostomiasis | 459 |
| Group. Syngameæ, Railliet and Henry, 1909 | 459 |
| Genus. Syngamus, von Siebold, 1836 | 459 |
| Syngamus kingi, Leiper, 1913 | 459 |
| Family. Physalopteridæ | 460 |
| Genus. Physaloptera, Rudolphi, 1819 | 460 |
| Physaloptera caucasica, v. Linstow, 1902 | 461 |
| Physaloptera mordens, Leiper, 1907 | 461 |
| Family. Ascaridæ, Cobbold, 1864 | 461 |
| Sub-family. Ascarinæ | 461 |
| Genus. Ascaris, L., 1758 | 461 |
| Ascaris lumbricoides, L., 1758 | 463 |
| Ascaris sp. | 465 |
| Ascaris texana, Smith et Goeth, 1914 | 465 |
| Ascaris maritima, Leuckart, 1876 | 465 |
| Genus. Toxascaris, Leiper, 1907 | 465 |
| Toxascaris limbata, Railliet and Henry, 1911 | 466 |
| Genus. Belascaris, Leiper, 1907 | 466 |
| Belascaris cati, Schrank, 1788 | 466 |
| Belascaris marginata, Rudolphi, 1802 | 466 |
| Genus. Lagocheilascaris, Leiper, 1909 | 466 |
| Lagocheilascaris minor, Leiper, 1909 | 467 |
| Family. Oxyuridæ | 467 |
| Genus. Oxyuris, Rudolphi, 1803 | 467 |
| Oxyuris vermicularis, Linnæus, 1767 | 467 |
| Family. Mermithidæ | 469 |
| Genus. Mermis, Dujardin, 1845 | 469 |
| Mermis hominis oris, Leidy, 1850 | 469 |
| Agamomermis, Stiles, 1903 | 470 |
| Agamomermis restiformis, Leidy, 1880 | 470 |
| Technique | 471 |
|
|
|
| D. Acanthocephala, Rud | 475 |
| Echinorhynchus gigas, Goeze, 1782 | 477 |
| Echinorhynchus hominis, Lambl, 1859 | 478 |
| Echinorhynchus moniliformis, Bremser, 1819 | 478 |
|
|
|
| E. Gordiidæ | 479 |
|
|
|
| F. Hirudinea s. Discophora (Leech) | 480 |
| Family. Gnathobdellidæ (Leeches with Jaws) | 481 |
| Genus. Hirudo, L., 1758 | 481 |
| Hirudo medicinalis, L., 1758 | 481 |
| Hirudo troctina, Johnston, 1816 | 482 |
| Genus. Limnatis, Moq.-Tandon, 1826 | 482 |
| Limnatis nilotica, Savigny, 1820 | 482 |
| Genus. Hæmadipsa, Tennent, 1861 | 482 |
| Family. Rhynchobdellidæ (Leeches with Rostrum) | 482 |
| Genus. Hæmentaria, de Filippi, 1849 | 482 |
| Hæmentaria officinalis, de Filippi | 482 |
| Genus. Placobdella, R. Blanchard | 482 |
| Placobdella catenigera, Moq.-Tandon | 482 |
|
|
|
| G. Arthropoda (Jointed-limbed Animals) | 483 |
| A. Arachnoidea (Spiders, Mites, etc.) | 483 |
| Order. Acarina (Mites) | 484 |
| Family. Trombidiidæ (Running Mites) | 485 |
| Genus. Trombidium, Latreille (and Leptus) | 485 |
| Leptus autumnalis, Shaw, 1790 | 485 |
| Trombidium tlalsahuate, Lemaire, 1867 | 486 |
| Akamushi or Kedani | 487 |
| Family. Tetranychidæ (Spinning Mites) | 488 |
| Genus. Tetranychus, Dufour | 488 |
| Tetranychus molestissimus, Weyenbergh, 1886 | 488 |
| Tetranychus telarius, L., 1758, var. russeolus, Koch | 488 |
| Family. Tarsonemidæ | 488 |
| Genus. Pediculoides | 489 |
| Pediculoides ventricosus, Newport, 1850 | 489 |
| Genus. Nephrophages | 490 |
| Nephrophages sanguinarius, Miyake and Scriba, 1893 | 490 |
| Family. Eupodidæ | 491 |
| Genus. Tydeus, Koch | 491 |
| Tydeus molestus, Moniez, 1889 | 491 |
| Family. Gamasidæ (Coleopterous or Insect Mites) | 491 |
| Genus. Dermanyssus, Dugès | 492 |
| Dermanyssus gallinæ, de Geer, 1778 | 492 |
| Dermanyssus hirundinis, Hermann, 1804 | 492 |
| Genus. Holothyrus | 493 |
| Holothyrus coccinella, Gervais, 1842 | 493 |
| Family. Ixodidæ (Ticks) | 493 |
| Classification of Ixodidæ | 496 |
| Synopsis of Genera | 496 |
| Genus. Ixodes, Latreille | 497 |
| Ixodes reduvius, L., 1758 | 497 |
| Ixodes holocyclus, Neumann, 1899 | 499 |
| Ixodes hexagonus, Leach, 1815 | 500 |
| Genus. Amblyomma, Koch | 500 |
| Amblyomma cayennense, Koch, 1844 | 500 |
| Amblyomma americana, Linnæus | 501 |
| Amblyomma maculatum, Koch | 501 |
| Genus. Hyalomma, Koch | 501 |
| Hyalomma ægyptium, L., 1758 | 501 |
| Genus. Hæmaphysalis, Koch | 502 |
| Hæmaphysalis punctata, Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877–1878 | 502 |
| Genus. Dermacentor, Koch | 502 |
| Dermacentor reticulatus, Fabricius, 1794 | 502 |
| Dermacentor venustus, Banks | 503 |
| Dermacentor occidentalis, Neumann | 504 |
| Dermacentor variabilis, Say | 505 |
| Genus. Margaropus, Karsch | 505 |
| Margaropus annulatus australis, Fuller | 505 |
| Margaropus microplus, Canestrini | 505 |
| Genus. Rhipicephalus, Koch | 505 |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Latreille, 1804 | 505 |
| Neumann’s Table of Species of Argas | 505 |
| Genus. Argas, Latreille | 506 |
| Argas reflexus, Fabricius, 1794 | 506 |
| Argas persicus, Fischer de Waldheim, 1824 | 506 |
| Argas brumpti, Neumann | 507 |
| Argas chinche, Gervais, 1844 | 508 |
| Genus. Ornithodorus, Koch | 508 |
| Ornithodorus moubata, Murray, 1877 | 508 |
| Ornithodorus savignyi, Audouin, 1827 | 509 |
| Ornithodorus coriaceus, Koch | 509 |
| Ornithodorus talaje, Guerin, 1849 | 509 |
| Ornithodorus turicata, Dugès, 1876 | 509 |
| Ornithodorus tholozani, Laboulbène and Mégnin, 1882 | 510 |
| Ornithodorus mégnini, Dugès, 1883 | 510 |
| Family. Tyroglyphidæ | 511 |
| Sub-family. Tyroglyphinæ | 511 |
| Genus. Aleurobius, Canestrini | 511 |
| Aleurobius (Tyroglyphus) farinæ, de Geer (part), Koch | 511 |
| Genus. Tyroglyphus, Latreille | 511 |
| Tyroglyphus siro, L., 1756 | 511 |
| Tyroglyphus longior, Gervais, 1844 | 512 |
| Tyroglyphus minor var. castellani, Hirst | 513 |
| Genus. Glyciphagus, Hering, 1838 | 513 |
| Glyciphagus prunorum, Hering, and G. domesticus, de Geer | 513 |
| Glyciphagus cursor, Gervais | 513 |
| Glyciphagus buski, Murray | 513 |
| Genus. Rhizoglyphus, Claparède, 1869 | 514 |
| Rhizoglyphus parasiticus, Dalgetty, 1901 | 514 |
| Genus. Histiogaster, Berlese, 1883 | 515 |
| Histiogaster (entomophagus ?) spermaticus, Trouessart, 1900 | 515 |
| Genus. Cheyletus | 516 |
| Cheyletus mericourti, Lab. | 516 |
| Family. Sarcoptidæ (Itch Mites) | 516 |
| Sub-family. Sarcoptinæ | 518 |
| Genus. Sarcoptes, Latreille | 518 |
| Sarcoptes scabiei, de Geer, 1778 | 518 |
| Sarcoptes minor, Fürstenberg, 1861 | 520 |
| Family. Demodicidæ (Mites of the Hair-follicles) | 522 |
| Genus. Demodex, Owen | 522 |
| Demodex folliculorum, Simon, 1842 | 522 |
| Order. Pentastomida | 523 |
| Family. Linguatulidæ | 523 |
| Genus. Linguatula, Fröhlich | 524 |
| Linguatula rhinaria, Pilger, 1802 | 524 |
| Genus. Porocephalus | 526 |
| Porocephalus constrictus, v. Siebold, 1852 | 526 |
| B. Insecta (Hexapoda) | 529 |
| Classification of the Hexapoda. | |
| (1) Aptera | 531 |
| (2) Neuroptera | 531 |
| (3) Orthoptera | 531 |
| (4) Thysanoptera | 531 |
| (5) Hemiptera | 531 |
| (6) Diptera | 532 |
| (7) Lepidoptera | 532 |
| (8) Hymenoptera | 532 |
| (9) Coleoptera | 532 |
| Order. Rhyncota | 532 |
| (a) Rhyncota aptera parasitica | 532 |
| Family. Pediculidæ (Lice) | 532 |
| Genus. Pediculus, Linnæus | 532 |
| Pediculus capitis, de Geer, 1778 | 532 |
| Pediculus vestimenti, Nitzsch, 1818 | 533 |
| Genus. Phthirius, Leach | 534 |
| Phthirius inguinalis, Redi, 1668 | 534 |
| (b) Rhyncota hemiptera | 534 |
| Family. Acanthiadæ | 534 |
| Genus. Cimex , Linnæus | 534 |
| Cimex lectularius , Linnæus | 534 |
| Cimex rotundatus, Signoret, 1852 | 536 |
| Cimex columbarius, Jenyns | 536 |
| Cimex ciliatus, Eversmann, 1841 | 537 |
| Family. Reduviidæ | 537 |
| Genus. Conorhinus, Lap. | 537 |
| Conorhinus megistus, Burm. | 537 |
| Conorhinus sanguisuga, Lec. (Blood-sucking Cone-nose) | 537 |
| Conorhinus, sp. novum (Monster Bug) | 538 |
| Conorhinus rubrofasciatus, de Geer (Malay Bug) | 538 |
| Conorhinus renggeri, Herr-Schäff (Great Black Bug of Pampas) | 539 |
| Conorhinus variegatus (Variegated Cone-nose) | 539 |
| Conorhinus nigrovarius | 539 |
| Conorhinus protractus | 539 |
| Genus. Reduvius, etc. | 539 |
| Reduvius personatus, Linné | 539 |
| Coriscus subcoleoptratus, Kirby, 1837 | 540 |
| Rasahus biguttatus, Say, 1831 | 540 |
| Melanolestes morio, Erichson, 1848 (non-Walker) | 540 |
| Melanolestes abdominalis, Herrich-Schäffer, 1848 | 540 |
| Phonergates bicoloripes | 541 |
| Family. Aradidæ | 541 |
| Dysodius lunatus, Fabr. (Pito Bug) | 541 |
| The Ochindundu | 541 |
| Family. Lygæidæ | 541 |
| Lyctocoris campestris, Fabricius | 541 |
| Rhodinus prolixus, Stål, 1859 | 541 |
| Order. Orthoptera | 542 |
| Locusts Injurious to Man | 542 |
| Order. Coleoptera | 542 |
| Silvanus surinamensis, Linnæus (Saw-toothed Grain Beetle) | 542 |
| Order. Diptera | 543 |
| Aphaniptera or Siphonaptera (Fleas) | 543 |
| Family. Sarcopsyllidæ (Jiggers) | 543 |
| Genus. Dermatophilus, Guérin | 544 |
| Dermatophilus cæcata, Enderl. | 544 |
| Dermatophilus penetrans, L., 1758 (Jigger, Chigoe) | 544 |
| Genus. Echidnophaga, Olliff | 544 |
| Echidnophaga gallinacea, Westwood (Chigoe of Fowls) | 544 |
| Family. Pulicidæ (True Fleas) | 545 |
| Genus. Pulex, Linn. | 545 |
| Pulex irritans, L., 1758 | 545 |
| Genus. Xenopsylla, Glink | 546 |
| Xenopsylla cheopis, Rothschild | 546 |
| Xenopsylla brasiliensis, Baker | 547 |
| Genus. Ctenocephalus, Kolenati | 547 |
| Genus. Hoplopsyllus, Baker | 547 |
| Hoplopsyllus anomalus, Baker | 547 |
| Genus. Ceratophyllus, Centis | 547 |
| Ceratophyllus fasciatus, Bosc | 547 |
| Genus. Ctenopsylla, Kolenati | 548 |
| Genus. Hystrichopsylla, Taschenberg | 548 |
| Pulex pallipes | 548 |
| Systematic Anatomical and Biological Remarks on Mosquitoes | 548 |
| Culicidæ or Mosquitoes | 555 |
| The Classification of Culicidæ | 561 |
| Notes on the Different Genera | 566 |
| Sub-family. Anophelina | 566 |
| Genus. Anopheles, Meigen | 566 |
| Genus. Myzomyia, Blanchard; Grassia, Theobald | 567 |
| Genus. Neomyzomyia, Theobald | 567 |
| Genus. Cycloleppteron, Theobald | 567 |
| Genus. Feltinella, Theobald | 567 |
| Genus. Stethomyia, Theobald | 567 |
| Genus. Pyretophorus, Blanchard; Howardia, Theobald | 567 |
| Genus. Myzorhynchella, Theobald | 568 |
| Genus. Manguinhosia, Cruz (in Peryassu) | 568 |
| Genus. Chrystya, Theobald | 568 |
| Genus. Lophoscelomyia, Theobald | 568 |
| Genus. Arribalzagia, Theobald | 568 |
| Genus. Myzorhynchus, Blanchard; Rossia, Theobald | 568 |
| Genus. Nyssorhynchus, Blanchard; Laverania, Theobald | 569 |
| Genus. Cellia, Theobald | 569 |
| Genus. Neocellia, Theobald | 569 |
| Genus. Kertészia, Theobald | 569 |
| Genus. Manguinhosia, Cruz | 569 |
| Genus. Chagasia, Cruz | 570 |
| Genus. Calvertina, Ludlow | 570 |
| Genus. Birónella, Theobald | 570 |
| Sub-family. Megarhininæ | 570 |
| Genus. Megarhinus, Robineau Desvoidy | 570 |
| Genus. Toxorhynchites, Theobald | 570 |
| Sub-family. Culicinæ | 571 |
| Genus. Mucidus, Theobald | 571 |
| Genus. Psorophora, Robineau Desvoidy | 571 |
| Genus. Janthinosoma, Arribalzaga | 571 |
| Genus. Stegomyia, Theobald | 571 |
| Stegomyia fasciata, Fabricius (Yellow Fever Mosquito) | 574 |
| Stegomyia scutellaris, Walker | 575 |
| Genus. Theobaldia, Neveu-Lemaire | 575 |
| Theobaldinella, Blanchard | 575 |
| Theobaldia annulata, Meigen | 575 |
| Genus. Culex, Linnæus | 575 |
| Genus. Melanoconion, Theobald | 576 |
| Genus. Grabhamia, Theobald | 576 |
| Genus. Pseudotæniorhynchus, Theobald; Tæniorhynchus, Theobald, non-Arribalzaga | 576 |
| Genus. Tæniorhynchus, Arribalzaga; Mansonia, Blanchard; Panoplites, Theobald | 577 |
| Genus. Chrysoconops, Goeldi | 577 |
| Other Nematocera | 577 |
| Family. Simulidæ | 577 |
| Family. Chironomidæ (Midges) | 579 |
| Sub-family. Ceratopogoninæ | 580 |
| Family. Psychodidæ (Owl Midges) | 581 |
| Brachycera (Flies) | 582 |
| Family. Phoridæ | 582 |
| Aphiochæta ferruginea, Brun | 583 |
| Phora rufipes, Meig. | 583 |
| Family. Sepsidæ | 583 |
| Piophila casei, L. | 583 |
| Family. Syrphidæ (Hover and Drone Flies) | 583 |
| Family. Drosophilidæ | 584 |
| Drosophila melanogaster, Br. | 584 |
| Family. Muscidæ | 584 |
| Teichomyza fusca, Macq. | 584 |
| Homalomyia canicularis, L., etc. | 584 |
| Homalomyia scalaris, Fabr. | 585 |
| Anthomyra desjardensii, Macq. | 585 |
| Hydrotæa meteorica, L. | 585 |
| Cyrtoneura stabulans | 585 |
| Musca domestica, Linn. (Common House-fly) | 585 |
| Genus. Chrysomyia, Rob. Desv. | 587 |
| Chrysomyia (Compsomyia) macellaria, Fabr.; Lucilia macellaria, Fabr. | 587 |
| Chrysomyia viridula, Rob. Desv. | 588 |
| Genus. Lucilia, Rob. Desv. | 588 |
| Lucilia nobilis, Meig. | 588 |
| Genus. Pycnosoma, Brauer and v. Bergenstamm | 588 |
| Genus. Sarcophaga, Mg. | 589 |
| Sarcophaga carnaria, L., 1758 | 589 |
| Sarcophaga magnifica, Schiner, 1862 | 589 |
| Sarcophaga chrysotoma, Wied | 590 |
| Sarcophaga plinthopyga, Wied | 590 |
| Ochromyia anthropophaga, E. Blanch.; Cordylobia arthrophaga, Grünberg | 590 |
| Auchmeromyia (Bengalia) depressa (Walker) | 591 |
| Genus. Cordylobia, Grünberg, 1903 | 591 |
| Cordylobia grünbergi, Dönitz | 591 |
| Cordylobia anthropophaga, Grünberg | 592 |
| Lund’s Larva | 593 |
| Auchmeromyia luteola, Fabricius | 593 |
| Family. Oestridæ | 594 |
| Cutaneous Oestridæ | 595 |
| Genus. Hypoderma, Latreille | 595 |
| Hypoderma bovis, de Geer | 595 |
| Hypoderma lineata, de Villers | 596 |
| Hypoderma diana, Brauer | 596 |
| Genus. Dermatobia, Brauer | 596 |
| Dermatobia cyaniventris, Macq. | 596 |
| Cavicolous Oestridæ | 598 |
| Genus. Oestrus, Linnæus | 598 |
| Oestrus (Cephalomyia) ovis, L. | 598 |
| Gastricolous Oestridæ | 599 |
| Genus. Gastrophilus, Leach | 599 |
| Biting-mouthed and other Noxious Diptera which may be Disease Carriers | 600 |
| Family. Tabanidæ (Gad Flies) | 600 |
| Family. Asilidæ (Wolf Flies) | 602 |
| Family. Leptidæ | 603 |
| Blood-sucking Muscidæ | 603 |
| Genus. Glossina, Westwood | 603 |
| Glossina palpalis, Rob. Desv. | 607 |
| Glossina morsitans, Westwood | 608 |
| Genus. Stomoxys, Geoffroy | 609 |
| Genus. Lyperosia, Rondani | 610 |
| Pupipara or Eproboscidæ | 611 |
| Insects and Epidemic Poliomyelitis | 612 |
| Addenda | 613 |
| Akamushi or Kedani Sickness | 613 |
| Ticks.—African Tick Fever | 613 |
| Tick Paralysis | 613 |
| Diptera.—Psychodidæ | 613 |
| Pulicidæ.—Dermatophilus (Sarcopsylla) penetrans, or the “Jigger” | 613 |
| Brachycera.—Leptidæ | 613 |
| Myiasis | 615 |
| Auricular Myiasis | 615 |
| Body, Head, and Clothes Lice | 615 |
|
|
|
| SUPPLEMENT: CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL NOTES | 617 |
| Protozoa | 617 |
| Introduction | 617 |
| I.—Amœbic Dysentery | 618 |
| II.—Trypanosomiases | 620 |
| African Sleeping Sickness | 620 |
| South American Trypanosomiasis | 623 |
| III.—Flagellate Diarrhœa and Dysentery | 623 |
| IV.—Leishmaniases | 626 |
| A. Kala-azar | 626 |
| Indian | 626 |
| Infantile | 627 |
| B. Oriental Sore, due to Leishmania tropica | 627 |
| Naso-oral (Espundia) | 628 |
| V.—Spirochætoses | 629 |
| A. Relapsing Fevers | 629 |
| B. Yaws or Frambœsia tropica | 632 |
| C. Syphilis | 632 |
| D. Bronchial Spirochætosis | 632 |
| VI.—Malaria | 633 |
| VII.—Balantidian Dysentery | 637 |
| Plathelminthes (Flat Worms) | 638 |
| Fascioliasis | 638 |
| Fasciola hepatica | 638 |
| Fasciolopsis buski | 638 |
| Paragonimiasis | 639 |
| Paragonimus ringeri | 639 |
| Clonorchis sinensis | 640 |
| Bilharziasis | 641 |
| Schistosoma hæmatobium | 641 |
| Cestodes | 644 |
| General | 644 |
| Dibothriocephalus latus | 658 |
| Sparganum mansoni | 659 |
| Dipylidium caninum (Tænia cucumerina) | 659 |
| Hymenolepis nana | 661 |
| Tænia solium | 662 |
| Tænia saginata | 667 |
| Nematodes | 674 |
| Strongyloides stercoralis | 674 |
| Dracunculus medinensis (Dracontiasis) | 675 |
| Filaria bancrofti | 676 |
| Loa loa | 678 |
| Trichuris trichiura | 678 |
| Trichinella spiralis | 680 |
| Eustrongylus gigas | 681 |
| Ancylostoma duodenale (Ancylostomiasis) | 682 |
| Ascaris lumbricoides (Ascariasis) | 687 |
| Oxyuris vermicularis (Oxyuriasis) | 694 |
| Hirudinea (Leeches) | 699 |
| Arthropoda | 702 |
| Arachnoidea | 702 |
| Leptus autumnalis (Grass, Harvest, or Gooseberry Mite) | 702 |
| Kedani, Akaneesch (The Japanese River or Inundation Disease) | 703 |
| Dermanyssus gallinæ (avium) | 703 |
| Ixodes reduvius (ricinus ) | 704 |
| Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies) | 704 |
| Demodex folliculorum | 708 |
| Demodex folliculorum canis | 709 |
| Insecta | 709 |
| Pediculus capitis (Head Louse) | 709 |
| Pediculus vestimenti (Clothes Louse) | 710 |
| Phthirius inguinalis (Pediculus pubis) (Crab Louse) | 711 |
| Cimex (Acanthia) lectularia (Cimex lectularius) (Bed Bug) | 713 |
| Pulex irritans (Human Flea) | 714 |
| Dermatophilus (Sarcopsylla) penetrans (Sand Flea) | 714 |
| Myiasis | 715 |
| Myiasis externa | 715 |
| Gastricolous Oestridæ (Creeping Disease) | 729 |
|
|
|
| APPENDIX ON PROTOZOOLOGY | 733 |
| I.—Notes on Recent Researches | 733 |
| Differences between Entamœba histolytica and E. coli | 733 |
| Phagedænic Amœbæ | 733 |
| Endamœba gingivalis | 733 |
| Entamœba kartulisi | 734 |
| Craigia and Craigiasis | 734 |
| Human Trichomoniasis | 734 |
| Chilomastix (Tetramitus) mesnili | 735 |
| Giardia (Lamblia) intestinalis | 736 |
| Cercomonas hominis | 736 |
| Transmissive Phase of Trypanosomes in Vertebrates | 737 |
| Trypanosoma lewisi | 737 |
| Blepharoplastless Trypanosomes | 737 |
| The Experimental Introduction of certain Insect Flagellates into various Vertebrates, and its bearing on the Evolution of Leishmaniasis | 737 |
| The Transmission of Spirochæta duttoni | 739 |
| Spirochæta bronchialis | 739 |
| The Spirochætes of the Human Mouth | 740 |
| Coccidia in Cattle | 741 |
| The Hæmosporidia | 742 |
| The Leucocytozoa of Birds | 742 |
| II.—Formulæ of some Culture Media | 742 |
| Culture Media for growing Amœbæ | 742 |
| Culture Media for the growth of Protozoa parasitic in the Blood | 744 |
| III.—Brief Notes on General Protozoological Technique | 745 |
| Fresh Material | 745 |
| Stained Material | 747 |
| Fixatives | 748 |
| Stains | 749 |
| APPENDIX ON TREMATODA AND NEMATODA | 753 |
| Trematoda | 753 |
| Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex | 753 |
| Metagonimus (Yokogawa) yokogawai | 753 |
| Opisthorchis sp. | 753 |
| Schistosome cercariæ | 753 |
| Distomata cercariæ | 753 |
| Group. Ferrocercous cercariæ | 753 |
| Family. Schistosomidæ | 753 |
| Cercaria bilharzia, Leiper, 1915 | 754 |
| Cercaria bilharziella, Leiper, 1915 | 754 |
| Schistosoma mansoni, Sambon, 1907 | 754 |
| Nematoda | 754 |
| Ancylostomiasis | 754 |
| Ground Itch | 754 |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | 754 |
| Filariasis | 755 |
| Onchocerca volvulus | 755 |
| Strongyloides stercoralis | 755 |
|
|
|
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 756 |
| INDEX | 836 |