Contents
Contents
Disclaimer
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The AST handbook of transplant infections / edited by Deepali Kumar, Atul Humar ; associate editors, Emily Blumberg, Marian Michaels, Kieren Marr ; on behalf of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.
p. ; cm.
Handbook of transplant infections
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-470-65827-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Communicable diseases—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc.—Complications—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Kumar, Deepali. II. Humar, Atul. III. American Society of Transplantation. Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. IV. Title: Handbook of transplant infections.
[DNLM: 1. Transplants—adverse effects—Handbooks. 2. Bacterial Infections—therapy—Handbooks. 3. Mycoses—therapy—Handbooks. 4. Virus Diseases—therapy—Handbooks. WO 39]
RC112.A88 2011
616.9’8—dc22
2011002978
ISBN: 9780470658277
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9781444397925; Wiley Online Library 9781444397949; ePub 9781444397932
List of Contributors
Upton D. Allen MBBS, MSc, FAAP, FRCPC, FRCP (UK)
Professor, Departments of Paediatrics and Health Policy Management and Evaluation
University of Toronto
Division Head, Infectious Diseases
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Canada
Lindsey R. Baden MD
Division of Infectious Disease Brigham and Women’s Hospital Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, MA, USA
Emily A. Blumberg MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Bartholomew Bono MD
Program Director, Infectious Disease
Albert Einstein Healthcare Network
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Steven D. Burdette MD, FIDSA
Infectious Diseases Fellowship Director & Associate Professor of Medicine
Infectious Disease Advisor to Miami Valley Hospital Transplant Program
WSU Boonshoft School of Medicine
Dayton, OH, USA
Nina M. Clark MD
Associate Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, IL, USA
Lara Danziger-Isakov MD, MPH
Staff, Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Director for Pediatric Clinical Research
The Children’s Hospital at Cleveland Clinic
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at CWRU
Cleveland, OH, USA
Karen Doucette MD, MSc (Epi), FRCPC
Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases
Education Director, Transplant Infectious Diseases Fellowship
University of Alberta
Edmonton, AB, USA
Staci A. Fischer MD, FACP, FIDSA
Associate Professor of Medicine
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Director, Transplant Infectious Diseases
Rhode Island Hospital
Providence, RI, USA
Julia Garcia-Diaz MD, MS, FACP
Department of Infectious Diseases
Ochsner Clinic Foundation
New Orleans, LA, USA
Christian Garzoni MD
University Clinic for Infectious Disease
Bern University Hospital, Inselspital
Bern, Switzerland
Michael Green MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics, Surgery & Clinical and Translational Science
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Sarah P. Hammond MD
Instructor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Division of Infectious Diseases
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, MA, USA
Lizbeth Hansen
Cleveland Clinic
Lerner College of Medicine at CWRU
Cleveland, OH, USA
Betsy Herold MD
Professor, Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases)
Professor, Department of Microbiology & Immunology
Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health
Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York
NY, USA
Hans H. Hirsch MD, MSc, FMH (Inf Diseases), FMH (Internal Medicine), FAMH (Medical Microbiology)
Acting Director, Institute for Medical Microbiology
Department of Biomedicine
University of Basel, and
Attending Physician,
Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology
University Hospital Basel
Basel, Switzerland
S.M. Hosseini-Mogaddham
Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC)
Shahid Beheshti University
Tehran, Iran
Jennifer Hsu MD
Division of Infectious Diseases
Department of Medicine
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Madison, WI, USA
Robert Huang MD
Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University of California at San Diego
La Jolla, CA, USA
Abhinav Humar MD
Professor, Department of Surgery
Clinical Director, Starzl Transplant Institute
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Shirish Huprikar MD
Director, Transplant Infectious Diseases Program
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, NY, USA
Shahid Husain MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Director, Transplant Infectious Diseases
Division of Infectious Diseases and Multi-organ Transplantation
University Health Network/University of Toronto
Toronto, Canada
Michael G. Ison MD MS
Assistant Professor, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Medical Director, Transplant & Immunocompromised Host
Infectious Diseases Service
Northwestern University Comprehensive Transplant Center
Chicago, IL, USA
Kathleen Julian MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Penn State Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, PA, USA
Daniel Kaul MD
Director, Transplant ID Service
Division of Infectious Disease
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, MI USA
Camille Nelson Kotton MD
Clinical Director, Transplant and Immunocompromised Host Infectious Diseases
Infectious Diseases Division
Massachusetts General Hospital and
Assistant Professor
Harvard Medical School
Harvard University
Boston, MA, USA
Lynne Lewis RN, MS, CPNP
Coordinator, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Section on Immunocompromised Hosts
Children’s Hospital Boston
Boston, MA, USA
Rebecca P. Madan MD, MSc
Assistant Professor
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New York, NY, USA
Oriol Manuel MD
Infectious Diseases Service and Transplantation Center
University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne
Lausanne, Switzerland
Francisco M. Marty MD
Division of Infectious Disease
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, MA, USA
Sanjay R. Mehta MD, DTM&H
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
University of California
San Diego, CA, USA
Aneesh K. Mehta MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Assistant Director of Transplant Infectious Diseases
Division of Infectious Diseases
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, GA, USA
Marian G. Michaels MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics and Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Michele I. Morris MD, FACP, FIDSA
Clinical Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases
Director, Immunocompromised Host Section
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL, USA
Sherif Beniameen Mossad MD, FACP, FIDSA
Staff Department of Infectious Diseases
Section Head of Transplant Infectious Diseases
Medicine Institute and Transplant Center
Associate Professor of Medicine
CCLCM of CWRU Cleveland
OH, USA
Nicolas J. Mueller MD
Senior Attending Physician
Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology
University Hospital Zurich
Zurich, Switzerland
Elizabeth A. Neuner PharmD, BCPS
Infectious Diseases Clinical Specialist
Department of Pharmacy
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, OH, USA
Raymund R. Razonable MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Director, Transplant Infectious Diseases
Associate Chair for Faculty Development and Diversity
Division of Infectious Diseases
College of Medicine
Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
Gail Elizabeth Reid MD, BA
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Deparment of Medicine
University of Illinois
Chicago Medical Center
Chicago, IL, USA
Nasia Safdar MD, PhD
Hospital Epidemiologist
UWHC Section of Infectious Diseases
Department of Medicine and Infection Control
University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health and Wm S Middleton VA Center
Madison, WI, USA
Tanvi Sharma MD
Instructor in Pediatrics, Assistant in Medicine
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
Shmuel Shoham MD, FACP
Scientific Director, MedStar Clinical Research Center and
Director, Transplant Infectious Diseases
Washington Hospital Center
Washington, DC, USA
Germana L.M. Silva MD
Resident, Medical College of Wisconsin
Department of Anesthesiology
Milwaukee, WI, USA
Valentina Stosor MD
Associate Professor
Division of Infectious Diseases
Chicago, IL, USA
Christian van Delden MD
Head, Immunocompromised Host Program
Service of Infectious Diseases
Department of Medical Specialties
University Hospital
Geneva, Switzerland
Marissa B. Wilck MD
Division of Infectious Disease
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, MA, USA
Preface
Transplantation is a complex, multidisciplinary specialty. Modern immunosuppressive therapy has improved patient and graft outcome. However, this places transplant patients at risk for a variety of infectious complications. Advances in transplant infectious diseases such as molecular diagnostics and novel therapeutics, coupled with the changing epidemiology of infectious agents, have greatly increased the complexity surrounding appropriate prevention and management of infections in these patients.
This is the first edition of the AST Handbook of Transplant Infections. It offers practical guidance on both common and unusual issues encountered in both solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. The handbook offers a practical approach to specific clinical syndromes after transplantation, as well as diagnosis, prevention and therapy of specific infections. We also address scenarios related to the prevention of donor-derived infections, common drug interactions, and other issues specifically related to the transplant patient.
The book does not go through comprehensive dosing or spectrum of activity of commonly used antimicrobials. It is assumed that the reader has some general knowledge of antimicrobials, their overall spectrum of coverage and dose adjustments in renal failure.
The handbook will be updated regularly. This book is endorsed by the American Society of Transplantation (AST). We acknowledge the members of the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice, whose members conceived the idea, and wrote and reviewed the chapters. In addition, we thank the members of the AST Pharmacy Community of Practice for reviewing selected sections.
We hope that you will find the handbook useful in your daily clinical practice.
Deepali Kumar & Atul Humar
Edmonton
Acknowledgements