Cover
Studies in Urban and Social Change
Title page
Copyright page
Notes on Contributors
List of Illustrations
1. Figures
2. Tables
Glossary
1. References
Series Editors’ Preface
Preface
1 The Challenge of Postsocialist Suburbanization
1. Introduction
2. Urbanization, Suburbanization, and Socioeconomic Order
3. Placing Postsocialist Suburbanization in the Context of Global Urbanization and Sustainable Development
4. References
2 Urban Sprawl on the Danube
1. Introduction
2. Suburbanization in Budapest before 1990
3. Dynamics of Suburbanization in the Postsocialist Period
4. Conditions, Driving Forces, and Impacts of Suburbanization
5. Management of Suburban Growth
6. Conclusions
7. References
3 Confronting Suburbanization in Ljubljana
1. Introduction
2. Suburbanization Patterns prior to the Postsocialist Period
3. Patterns and Processes of Suburbanization during the Postsocialist Period
4. Conditions and Driving Forces of Suburbanization
5. The Consequences of Suburbanization and Urban Sprawl in Ljubljana’s Urban Region
6. Management of Suburban/Metropolitan Growth
7. Conclusion
8. Acknowledgments
9. References
4 Suburbanization of Moscow’s Urban Region
1. Introduction: Main Characteristics of Moscow’s Region Development
2. Development of Moscow’s Periphery during the Soviet Period
3. Patterns and Processes of Suburbanization during the Postsocialist Period
4. A Complex Assessment of Patterns and Processes
5. Regional Governance: General Framework and Protagonists
6. Conclusion
7. References
5 Prague
1. Introduction
2. A Historical Account of Urbanization and Suburbanization in Prague
3. The Housing Boom: Compact City and Suburban Sprawl
4. Population Redistribution: Changing the Balance between Core and Suburbs
5. Nonresidential Growth and Suburban Jobs
6. Metropolis and Localities: Urban and Regional Planning in the Prague City Region
7. The Challenges of Suburbanization
8. Acknowledgments
9. References
6 Sprawling Sofia
1. Introduction
2. Historical Evolution of Sofia’s Outskirts
3. Patterns and Processes of Suburbanization in the Postsocialist Period
4. The Management of Suburban Growth
5. Conclusion
6. Acknowledgment
7. References
7 Suburbanization in the Tallinn Metropolitan Area
1. Introduction
2. Metropolitan Processes from a Historical Perspective
3. Conditions and Driving Forces of Suburbanization in the Postsocialist Period
4. Postsocialist Residential Suburbanization
5. Postsocialist Nonresidential Suburbanization
6. The Impact of Suburbanization on the TMA
7. Managing Suburban Growth
8. Summary and Discussion
9. Acknowledgments
10. References
8 Lessons from Warsaw
1. Introduction
2. Suburbanization before the Postsocialist Period
3. The Dynamics of Suburbanization during the Postsocialist Period
4. Dynamics of Socioeconomic Changes by Metropolitan Zones
5. Conditions and Driving Forces of Suburbanization
6. The Impacts of Suburbanization
7. Management of Metropolitan Growth
8. Conclusions
9. References
9 Postsocialist Suburbanization Patterns and Dynamics
1. Metropolitan Growth Patterns and Trends before 1989
2. Postsocialist Suburbanization
3. Comparison of Suburbanization across the CEE Region
4. References
10 Managing Suburbanization in Postsocialist Europe
1. Managing Urban Growth in the Postsocialist Era
2. Looking Ahead
3. Conclusions
4. References
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 02
1. Table 2.1 Natural increase and migration in Budapest’s metropolitan region (BMR), 1990–2011.
2. Table 2.2 Dynamics of mobility patterns in Budapest, 1990–2006.
3. Table 2.3 Investments in new retail projects in Budapest and its suburban zone, 1990–2005.
Chapter 03
1. Table 3.1 Population growth of Ljubljana and its wider urban area.
2. Table 3.2 Employment structure in Ljubljana (2011).
Chapter 04
1. Table 4.1 Economic indicators for Moscow Oblast, City of Moscow, and St. Petersburg as a percentage of the totals for the Russian Federation in 2001 and 2010.
2. Table 4.2 Percentage of per capita socioeconomic indicators for 2001 and 2010 in Moscow, St. Petersburg and neighboring oblasts relative to Moscow Oblast.
3. Table 4.3 Selected attributes of rings within Oblast Moscow in 2010.
4. Table 4.4 Selected attributes of sectors within Moscow Oblast 2010.
5. Table 4.5 Migration inflows to the City of Moscow, Moscow Oblast, and the neighboring oblasts per 10,000 inhabitants.
6. Table 4.6 New residential constructions according to rings and sectors in Moscow Oblast for 1990, 2005, and 2010.
Chapter 05
1. Table 5.1 Migration flows between zones in Prague’s metropolitan region (PMR).
2. Table 5.2 Population change, 1991–2011.
Chapter 06
1. Table 6.1 Population growth in Sofia by districts, 1992 and 2011.
2. Table 6.2 Social characteristics of long-time residents and newcomers to communities at the foothills of Vitosha Mountain: proportions.
3. Table 6.3 Select housing characteristics of long-time residents and newcomers to communities at the foothills of Vitosha Mountain: means.
Chapter 07
1. Table 7.1 Population dynamics of Tallinn and its suburban area.
2. Table 7.2 Components of population change in Tallinn’s metropolitan area (TMA) in the postsocialist period.
3. Table 7.3 Migration related to Tallinn’s metropolitan area (TMA), 1989–2000.
4. Table 7.4 Proportion of new housing construction in Tallinn and in the suburban areas, 1990s.
5. Table 7.5 Temporal dynamics of housing construction in new residential areas in the suburban area of Tallinn.
Chapter 08
1. Table 8.1 Demographic changes in zones of the Warsaw metropolitan area (WMA).
2. Table 8.2 Housing changes in zones of the Warsaw metropolitan area (WMA).
3. Table 8.3 Economic changes in zones of the Warsaw metropolitan area (WMA).
Chapter 09
1. Table 9.1 Population growth in central cities, suburbs, and metropolitan areas, 1991–2011.
2. Table 9.2 Suburban population in proportion to the metropolitan population, 1991 and 2011.
3. Table 9.3 Metropolitan growth and suburbanization, 1991–2011.
4. Table 9.4 Metropolitan size and suburbanization, 1991–2011.
5. Table 9.5 GDP and suburbanization, 1991–2011.
6. Table 9.6 Stages of postsocialist suburbanization.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 01
1. Figure 1.1a Location of socialist housing estates and industrial zones in Prague.
2. Figure 1.1b Location of socialist housing estates and industrial zones in Sofia.
3. Figure 1.2 Urban development in Greater Prague, 1989–2010.
Chapter 02
1. Figure 2.1 Structure of Budapest’s metropolitan region (BMR).
2. Figure 2.2 Net migration in the municipalities of Budapest’s urban region, 1990–2007 (immigrants/1,000 inhabitants).
3. Figure 2.3 Volume of newly built dwelling units in Budapest and its agglomeration, 1990–2010.
4. Figure 2.4 Development poles in Budapest’s urban region.
Chapter 03
1. Figure 3.1 Administrative boundaries within Ljubljana’s metropolitan area. Based on data from Pichler-Milanović, 2005a, various statistical yearbooks of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SURS), and the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia (GURS).
2. Figure 3.2 Population change in municipalities in Slovenia. Based on data from Benini and Naldi, 2007, various statistical yearbooks of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SURS), and the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia (GURS).
3. Figure 3.3 Housing construction in Ljubljana’s metropolitan area. Based on data from Pichler-Milanović, 2005a and the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SURS) for 2012 (methodology of census in 2011).
4. Figure 3.4 An example of a new single-family detached house in Ljubljana’s urban region.
5. Figure 3.5 An example of a new mansion-style house in settlements within Ljubljana’s suburban periphery.
Chapter 04
1. Figure 4.1 Concentric and sectoral structure of Oblast Moscow.
2. Figure 4.2 Typical Russian dachas. Photo by Tatyana Nefedova.
3. Figure 4.3 Distribution of new suburban settlements in Moscow’s suburban region.
4. Figure 4.4 Townhouse community in Dubrovka. Photo by Tatyana Nefedova.
5. Figure 4.5 Raion ring (a) and sector share (b) in new residential construction in Moscow Oblast: 1990, 2001, and 2005.
6. Figure 4.6 Construction of Moscow City.
7. Figure 4.7 Raion ring share in retail trade in Oblast Moscow: 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010.
Chapter 05
1. Figure 5.1 Prague’s city region and its zones.
2. Figure 5.2 Housing construction: number of annually completed dwellings in 1997–2010 according to (a) territorial zones; (b) type of building in core; (c) inner suburbs; and (d) outer suburbs.
3. Figure 5.3 Housing construction: number of completed dwellings in Prague boroughs and suburban municipalities in 1997–2010.
4. Figure 5.4 Population change, 1991–2001 (relative increase per 1,000 inhabitants).
5. Figure 5.5 Population change, 2001–2011 (relative increase per 1,000 inhabitants).
6. Figure 5.6 Number of jobs in towns and cities in Prague and Central Bohemia in 2001.
7. Figure 5.7 Nonresidential suburbanization in the Prague city region.
Chapter 06
1. Figure 6.1 Greenbelt between Sofia and villages at the foothills of Vitosha Mountain.
2. Figure 6.2 Commercial advertisement of new housing development at the edge of Sofia.
Chapter 07
1. Figure 7.1 Map of Tallinn’s metropolitan area (TMA).
2. Figure 7.2 Net annual migration to Estonian urban settlements in the Soviet period.
3. Figure 7.3 Socialist housing construction in the agricultural centers of Tallinn’s metropolitan area (TMA) (Tabasalu).
4. Figure 7.4 New construction and renovation in summer home settlements.
5. Figure 7.5 Housing types in suburban area of migrants from Tallinn, 1989–2000.
6. Figure 7.6 Merging new suburban settlements on the borders of Tallinn (Tiskre).
7. Figure 7.7 New retail and service facilities on the edges of the city (Tallinn, Tabasalu roundabout).
8. Figure 7.8 Annual residential building completions in Tallinn and its suburbs, 1993–2010 (m²).
9. Figure 7.9 Annual nonresidential building completions in Tallinn and its suburbs, 1998–2009 (m²).
10. Figure 7.10 Share of Tallinn in national residential and nonresidential building completions (apartment buildings, single-family houses and nonresidential buildings: % of m² issued).
11. Figure 7.11 Nonresidential building completions by type of nonresidential buildings in Tallinn and its suburbs, 1998–2009 (m²).
Chapter 08
1. Figure 8.1 Warsaw’s metropolitan area (WMA).
2. Figure 8.2 Demographic changes. (a) Change in population (1988–2002; 1988 = 100). (b) Immigrants (1989–2002) as percentage of the total population change in 2002. (c) Population at post-working age (percentage change; 1988–2002). (d) People with higher education (percentage; 2002).
3. Figure 8.3 Housing changes. (a) Changes in the number of dwellings (1988–2006; 1988 = 100). (b) Changes in residential floor space (1988–2002; 1988 = 100). (c) Changes in residential floor space per person (1988–2002; in m²). (d) Dwellings with a water pipeline system (percentage change; 1988–2002).
4. Figure 8.4 Economic changes. (a) Change in the number of enterprises (1995–2006; 1995 = 100). (b) Number of enterprises per 1,000 inhabitants (2006). (c) Number of commercial companies with foreign capital participation (change in 1995–2006; 1995 = 100). (d) Population with non-agricultural sources of maintenance (change in percentage; 1988–2002).
5. Figure 8.5 Large-format stores and modern warehouses in Warsaw’s metropolitan area (WMA), outside Warsaw.
6. Figure 8.6 Concentric zonal division of municipalities in Warsaw’s metropolitan area (WMA).
Chapter 09
1. Figure 9.1 Diagram of population density gradients in socialist, postsocialist, and western cities.
2. Figure 9.2 Relative growth of urban and suburban population, 1991–2011.
3. Figure 9.3 Relative growth of urban and suburban population by decade, 1991–2001 and 2001–2011.
4. Figure 9.4 Proportion of metropolitan population residing outside central cities, 1991, 2001, and 2011.
5. Figure 9.5 Metropolitan growth by decade, 1991–2001 and 2001–2011.
6. Figure 9.6 Growth of central cities, suburbs, and metropolitan areas by decade for all case studies (excluding Moscow), 1991–2001 and 2001–2011.
7. Figure 9.7 National GDP per capita, 1990–2010.
Chapter 10
1. Figure 10.1 Annual growth, index of production for total construction, 2000–2010.

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This edition first published 2014
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Confronting suburbanization : urban decentralization in postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe / edited by Kiril Stanilov and Luděk Sýkora.
pages cm. -- (Studies in urban and social change)
Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4051-8548-6 (hardback) – ISBN 978-1-4051-8547-9 (paper)
1. Suburbs--Europe, Central. 2. Suburbs--Europe, Eastern. 3. City planning--Europe, Central. 4. City planning--Europe, Eastern. I. Stanilov, Kiril. II. Sýkora, Luděk.
HT352.E85C66 2014
307.7409437--dc23

2014016539

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Cover image: © Luděk Sýkora

Notes on Contributors

Isolde Brade is a geographer and a senior researcher at the Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography in Leipzig. Her specialist research interests lie in the comparative research of urban development in postsocialist Eastern Europe, with a focus on urban and regional processes in post-Soviet countries.

Sonia Hirt is Associate Professor of Urban Affairs and Planning at the College of Architecture and Urban Studies at Virginia Tech. She serves as Associate Dean of Academic Affairs. Her research targets comparative urbanism. Her book publications include Iron Curtains, The Urban Wisdom of Jane Jacobs, and Twenty Years of Transition.

Anneli Kährik is a researcher in human geography at the Centre for Migration and Urban Studies, University of Tartu, Estonia. Her research interests are centered on residential mobility and segregation, urban and housing issues, and urban governance in postsocialist cities. She teaches human geography theory, urban geography, and planning.

Zoltán Kovács is a scientific advisor at the Institute of Geography, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Professor in Human Geography at the University of Szeged. His scientific work focuses on urban geography and spatial restructuring, with special attention to Budapest and other postsocialist cities. He has numerous publications on these subjects in professional journals and thematic volumes.

Kadri Leetmaa is a researcher in human geography at the Centre for Migration and Urban Studies, University of Tartu, Estonia. Her main fields of research and teaching are urban social geography (including migration and residential mobility), residential preferences, suburbanization, urban planning and transition periods in postsocialist cities, inter-ethnic contacts and spatial segregation of ethnic groups in cities.

Andrzej Lisowski is Professor of Geography at the University of Warsaw. He serves as Dean of the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies. His research focuses on social urban geography, suburbanization processes, and the philosophy of geography. His book publications include Concepts of Space in Human Geography.

Alla Makhrova is a principal research fellow at the Faculty of Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University. Her research interests are in urbanization and cities, spatial planning, and residential property markets. Her book publications include Moscow, Capital City-Region; Moscow Oblast: Today and Tomorrow; and Geography and Urban Planning.

Dorota Mantey is Lecturer in the Department of Urban Areas and Spatial Organization, University of Warsaw. Her main research interest is in suburbanization processes and quality of life in suburban areas. Her publications include the book Spontaneity of Residential Location in the Rural Areas of the Metropolitan Area of Warsaw.

Ondřej Mulíček is Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic. His research is focused on the analysis of urban systems, metropolitan areas, time geography, and territorial planning.

Tatyana Nefedova is a head researcher in the Department of Economic and Social Geography in the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science. Her research interests are in regional rural and urban development in Russia. Her book publications include The Environs of Russian Cities, The End of Peasantry, and Moscow Oblast Today and Tomorrow.

Mari Nuga is a doctoral candidate in human geography at the University of Tartu, Estonia. Her research interests are in the urban geographies of postcommunist countries, with a particular focus on urban fringe processes. Her dissertation project deals with the transformation of Soviet-era summer home areas into areas of permanent settlement.

Nataša Pichler-Milanović is a senior research associate at the Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Her research interests are focused on comparative patterns of urban and regional development in Europe. Her book publications include Transformation of Cities in Central and Eastern Europe; Challenges of Spatial Development of Ljubljana and Belgrade; and the co-authored report “Metropolisation and Polycentric Development in Central Europe.”

Kiril Stanilov is a senior research associate in the Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, England. His research interests are centered on explorations of contemporary patterns of urban growth and change and on the evolution of urban form. His book publications include The Post-socialist City, Twenty Years of Transition, and Suburban Form.

Luděk Sýkora is Professor of Social Geography and Regional Development at the Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague. He focuses on transformations in postcommunist cities, specifically processes of suburbanization, gentrification, and segregation, paying attention to globalization, real estate development, housing and urban policies, and developments in urban and regional systems.

Tiit Tammaru is Professor of Population and Urban Geography in the Department of Geography at the University of Tartu. His current research focuses on social and ethnic differences in migration and on housing and residential segregation in Estonia and other cities in Eastern Europe.

Iván Tosics is a sociologist, principal of the Metropolitan Research Institute in Budapest. He is currently involved in the URBACT programme as one of the thematic pole managers. He has published extensively on European urban development, divided cities, sustainability, metropolitan areas, regional policy, multilevel governance and postsocialist cities.

Waldemar Wilk is Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland. His research interests include location theory, with a focus on services and spatial aspects of economic changes in Poland. He recently published the book Network Theory and Retail Chains in Poland (in Polish).

CONFRONTING SUBURBANIZATION

URBAN DECENTRALIZATION IN POSTSOCIALIST CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Notes on Contributors