The Respiratory System at a Glance

Preface to fourth edition vii

Units and symbols ix

List of abbreviations xi

About the companion website xiii

Part 1 Structure and function 1

1 Structure of the respiratory system: lungs, airways and dead space 2

2 The thoracic cage and respiratory muscles 4

3 Pressures and volumes during normal breathing 6

4 Gas laws 8

5 Diffusion 10

6 Lung mechanics: elastic forces 12

7 Lung mechanics: airway resistance 14

8 Carriage of oxygen 16

9 Carriage of carbon dioxide 18

10 Acid–base balance 20

11 Acid–base disorders 22

12 Control of breathing I: chemical mechanisms 24

13 Control of breathing II: neural mechanisms 26

14 Pulmonary circulation and anatomical right-to-left shunts 28

15 Ventilation–perfusion mismatching 30

16 Exercise, altitude and diving 32

17 Development of the respiratory system and birth 34

18 Complications of development and congenital disease 36

19 Lung defence mechanisms 38

20 Immunology of the lung 40

Part 2 History, examination and investigation 43

21 History and examination 44

22 Pulmonary function tests 46

23 Chest imaging and bronchoscopy 48

Part 3 Diseases and treatment 51

24 Public health and smoking 52

25 Respiratory failure 54

26 Asthma: pathophysiology 56

27 Asthma: treatment 58

28 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 60

29 Pulmonary hypertension 62

30 Venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism 64

31 Pulmonary involvement in vasculitis 66

32 Diffuse parenchymal (interstitial) lung diseases 68

33 Sarcoidosis 70

34 Pleural diseases 72

35 Occupational and environmental-related lung disease 74

36 Cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis 76

37 Pneumothorax 78

38 Community-acquired pneumonia 80

39 Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia 82

40 Pulmonary tuberculosis 84

41 The immune-compromised patient 86

42 Lung cancer 88

43 Acute respiratory distress syndrome 90

44 Mechanical ventilation 92

45 Oxygenation and oxygen therapy 94

46 Sleep apnoea 96

Index 98