John William Draper (1811-1882) was an English-born American scientist, philosopher, physician, chemist, historian and photographer. He is credited with producing the first clear photograph of a female face (1839-40) and the first detailed photograph of the moon in 1840. He was also the first president of the American Chemical Society (1876-77) and a founder of the New York University School of Medicine. His contributions to the discipline of history are The History of the Intellectual Development of Europe (1862), a History of the American Civil War (1867-1870), and a History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874).