Africa 2020-2022

Africa Today

Historical background (pre-colonial period)

Prehistoric Africa

Early Civilizations of the Nile Valley and the Mediterranean Sea

The Kingdom of Ethiopia

The Spread of Islam

Arabs and Traders in East Africa

The Empires and Peoples of West Africa

Peoples of Central and Southern Africa

European Discovery and Exploration

Early Ethiopian-European Contact

The Arabs and Ottoman Turks in North Africa

European Settlers in South Africa

The Colonial Period

The Portuguese (about 1550)

The British (about 1660)

The French (about 1830)

The Americans (1835, See Liberia)

King Leopold II and the Belgians (1885)

The Spanish (1885)

The Germans (1885)

The South Africans (1919)

The Italians (1927)

North Africa

Algeria

Egypt

Libya

Morocco

Tunisia

West Africa

Benin

Burkina Faso

Cape Verde

Cote d’Ivoire

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Liberia

Mali

Mauritania

Niger

Nigeria

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Togo

Central Africa

Burundi

Cameroon

Central African Republic

Chad

Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Equatorial Guinea

Gabon

Rwana

Sao Tome and Principe

East Africa

Djibouti

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Kenya

Somalia

The Republic of South Sudan

The Republic of the Sudan

Tanzania

Uganda

Indian Ocean Island Nations

Comoros

Madagascar

Mauritius

Seychelles

Southern Africa

Angola

Botswana

Lesotho

Malawi

Mozambique

Namibia

South Africa

Swaziland

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Web sites and selected bibliography of key English language sources

Index