Advanced QoS for Multi-Service IP/MPLS Networks

Introduction xxv

Part 1 Fundamentals of IP/MPLS QoS

Chapter 1 The Need for Quality of Service 3

1.1 The Changing Service Delivery Landscape 4

1.2 What Is Quality of Service? 5

1.3 Alcatel-Lucent Service Router Portfolio 6

1.4 Network Service Restrictions and Service Level Agreements 11

Summary 15

Chapter 2 QoS Models And Network Convergence 17

2.1 The Integrated Services QoS Model 18

2.2 The Differentiated Services QoS Model 20

Summary 27

Chapter 3 Understanding Type of Service Markings 29

3.1 The IP Header ToS Field 30

3.2 DiffServ Per-Hop Behaviors 37

3.3 Ethernet Frame Formats and the 802.1p ToS Field 40

3.4 MPLS Shim Header and EXP Field 44

Summary 46

Chapter 4 Fundamental QoS Features 47

4.1 Traffic Classification 48

4.2 Queuing and Buffer Management 50

4.3 Scheduling 51

4.4 Rate-Limiting 52

4.5 Filtering 54

Summary 55

Part 2 ALSRP QoS Features

Chapter 5 ALSRP Architecture and Quality of Service Implementation 59

5.1 An Overview of ALSRP’s Generic Architecture 60

5.2 The IOM Layout and Fast-path Complexes 62

5.3 The QoS Features Enforcement Sequence 64

5.4 Network Demarcation Points 66

5.5 End-to-End Traffic Management in an ALSRP Network 69

Summary 72

Chapter 6 Network Traffic Classification 75

6.1 End-to-End Traffic Mapping and Marking 77

6.2 Forwarding Classes and Queuing Priorities in ALSRP 80

6.3 Profile States of Datagrams and Queues 81

6.4 SAP-Ingress Policy and Traffic Mapping at Access Ingress 83

6.5 Applying the SAP-Ingress Policy 100

6.6 Network QoS Policy 102

6.7 Applying Network QoS Policy 110

6.8 SAP-Egress Policy and Traffic Marking at Access Egress 111

6.9 Applying a SAP-Egress Policy 113

6.10 Verification Commands for QoS Policy Application 115

Summary 117

Chapter 7 Advanced Traffic Classification 119

7.1 Forwarding Subclasses 120

7.2 Color-Aware Profiling 122

7.3 Honoring the Three Drop Precedence of Assured Forwarding PHB 124

7.4 Access Ingress Marking of IP Packets 125

7.5 The Trust Nature of Interfaces and Network Egress Marking 128

7.6 Selecting a ToS Field in QinQ Encapsulated Frames 132

7.7 Tunnel Termination QoS Override 139

Summary 141

Chapter 8 Queuing and Buffer Management 143

8.1 Understanding Buffer Partitions 144

8.2 Buffer-Related Queue Parameters 152

8.3 Configuring Access Queues and Queue Mapping 155

8.4 Network-Queue Policy 162

8.5 Applying a Network-Queue Policy 166

8.6 Buffer Management 171

8.7 Slope Policy 180

8.8 Applying Slope Policy 182

8.9 Verification Commands for Buffer Management 184

Summary 190

Chapter 9 Hardware Queue Enabling Options at Access Ingress 193

9.1 Configuring the Scaling Options 194

9.2 An Example for Comparing the Scaling Options 196

9.3 Service Queuing 198

9.4 Shared Queuing 201

9.5 Multipoint Shared Queuing 206

9.6 Comparing the Scaling Options 210

9.7 Verification Commands Associated with the Scaling Options 210

Summary 217

Chapter 10 Scheduling 219

10.1 Scheduling-Related Queue Parameters 220

10.2 Scheduling Modes 225

10.3 Nodal Scheduling: Putting It All Together 231

10.4 Configuring Scheduling Parameters of Access Queues 233

10.5 Configuring Scheduling Parameters of Network Queues 235

10.6 Verification Commands for Scheduling 238

Summary 247

Chapter 11 Hierarchical Scheduling 249

11.1 Hierarchical Scheduling Parameters 251

11.2 Virtual Scheduler Bandwidth Distribution 252

11.3 Examples of Virtual Scheduler Bandwidth Distribution 254

11.4 Creating and Configuring a Scheduler Policy 263

11.5 Applying a Scheduler Policy 267

11.6 Verification Commands for Hierarchical Scheduling 276

Summary 287

Chapter 12 Traffic Rate-Limiting 289

12.1 Policing Network Traffic 291

12.2 Rendering Traffic Conforming by Using Shaping 298

12.3 Shapeless Policing 299

12.4 Traffic Rate-Limiting: Putting It All Together 300

Summary 302

Chapter 13 Special Topics 303

13.1 Link Aggregation Group and QoS Adaptation 304

13.2 Link Fragmentation and Interleaving 310

13.3 QoS Policy Overrides 313

13.4 Service Assurance Agent 318

13.5 Time-Based QoS 338

Summary 356

Part 3 Designing Quality of Service

Chapter 14 QoS Design Principles and Service Requirements 361

14.1 Understanding QoS Design Principles 362

14.2 Service Requirements of Common Application Traffic 366

14.3 QoS Design Approach: A Case Study 372

Summary 392

Chapter 15 Hierarchical Scheduling Design—A Case Study 395

15.1 Case Study Details 396

15.2 Design Requirements 398

15.3 Basic Configuration 399

15.4 Design Option 1: Basic Scheduling 400

15.5 Design Option 2: Single-Tier Virtual Hierarchical Scheduling 402

15.6 Design Option 3: Two-Tier Virtual Hierarchical Scheduling 404

Summary 407

Glossary 409

Index 417