APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY

A number of words highly familiar in the world of ornithology present some difficulty to a non-specialist audience. The most frequently used technical terms are listed below.

Congener A bird of the same genus. For example, Cooper’s Hawk Accipiter cooperii is a congener of the Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis.

Endemic A bird species or race that occurs exclusively in one area, region or, most often, a single country. It is used as an adjective or noun.

Galliform The anglicised name for any member of the bird order Galliformes (‘chicken shaped’), a large, predominantly Old World group including turkeys, pheasants, partridges, grouse, quail, and junglefowl, the wild ancestor of the domestic fowl.

Jizz A twentieth-century English coinage (spelled gizz in the US) to convey the overall ‘personality’ and impression made by a bird, as opposed to its quantifiable details (i.e. wingbars, leg colour, etc.). Jizz takes into account factors such as subtlety of shape and proportion, as well as attitude and character of movements. Alas, jizz is also US slang for sperm, although perhaps the notion of some kind of essence is common to both meanings.

Monotypic A family or genus of birds that is represented by only a single species.

Neotropics / Neotropical The zoogeographical region embracing the Americas roughly south of Mexico City to the southern tip of South America. It is the most bird-rich region on the planet. (See also zoogeography below.)

Oriental The zoogeographical area roughly coinciding with tropical south Asia and extending as far north as 30º N in China. West to east it covers the area from the Indus Valley in Pakistan to Borneo.

Palearctic The zoogeographical zone that embraces all of Europe and all Asia north or west of the Oriental zone. It also includes Africa north of the Sahara.

Polyandrous A breeding arrangement in which the female bird has more than one male partner.

Ratite(s) Name used to describe the large flightless birds of the southern continents, including ostrich, rhea, kiwis and extinct species such as the elephant birds. The word comes from ratis, Latin for a raft or boat without a keel. Being flightless, this group of birds lacks the protruding bone ridge which anchors the wing muscles.

Rectrix (-ces) Technical name for the main tail feather(s).

Suboscine / oscine passerines A name used in taxonomy to describe a group of birds within the order Passeriformes or passerines. They are characterised by having four toes emerging from the foot at the same point, with three pointing forwards, one backwards, and are often called ‘perching birds’. Passerines represent about 60 per cent of the 10,500 avian species in the world. They are further divided into the oscine (also known simply as ‘songbirds’) and suboscine passerines, which have differing vocal apparatus, particularly the structure of the syrinx. Suboscines comprise 12 families (including the ovenbirds, tyrant flycatchers and antbirds, as well as several Australian bird families). As their name suggests, the suboscines are considered to be more primitive than their oscine relatives. One commentator notes: ‘While the oscine passerines are for the most part extremely similar in terms of their bodily structure . . . The suboscines seem the tiniest bit “goofier” – a bit long-legged, or tall-headed, or large-eyed, or barely odd in some other way.’

Taxon (plural taxa) A general term used for any category of classification. However, the fundamental unit is the species and taxon is often used as a synonym or alternative for that word.

Zoogeography Natural scientists divide the world into six faunal regions, based on studies of the distribution and relationships of animal species (as well as plants, etc.) within a particular area. The six regions are: Afrotropical, Australasia, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Palearctic.

APPENDIX 2: BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS

Here are some biographical details for the ornithologists who feature most regularly in the text and may be unfamiliar to the general reader.

Aelian, or Claudius Aelianus (AD c.175–c.235) An Italian author who lived in Rome but wrote in Greek, now best known for a 17-book study of animals and nature, which (ironically) is usually referred to by its Latin title De natura animalium, or in English simply as On Animals. It is a somewhat quirky, over-credulous miscellany of facts, half-truths and complete fantasy. It is, however, fascinating, and all the more revealing of the beliefs and attitudes of the classical world for Aelian’s faithful copying of other Greek writers on these themes.

Salim Ali (1896–1987) This diminutive and rather birdlike Indian bird man is one of the great figures of twentieth-century ornithology and is still revered in his home country. He wrote extensively on the nation’s huge avifauna, made numerous expeditions to all parts of the subcontinent and is perhaps best known for the ten-volume Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan (co-authored with the American Dillon Ripley). Ali is also notable for the quality of his writing. While deeply rooted in ornithological science, he was also alive to the human ‘story’ in the lives of birds and his observations are full of colour, feeling, wide scholarship and good humour.

Aristotle (384–322 BC) This Greek intellectual and teacher (his pupils included Alexander the Great) must have burned for most of his 62 years with an almost insatiable desire for knowledge about almost every aspect of human experience. In addition to his writings on art, ethics, politics and metaphysics, Aristotle was a founder of Western science and a restless interrogator of the natural world. His four works on animals are rich in detail, much of it highly accurate and all of it illuminating of Greek responses and beliefs about birds. He lived for several years on the island of Lesbos (close to Turkey), which is still an outstanding place for migratory birds. Yet we can only dream about its ornithological riches in Aristotle’s day. Without reading the works of this towering genius one cannot even begin to understand classical attitudes, nor those of medieval Europe and, in some instances, even modern responses to the natural world.

William Beebe (1877–1962) American naturalist, explorer and author whose centrifugal interests took him in a multitude of geographical and scientific directions. He wrote extensively on his foreign journeys, producing many books of wildlife travel such as Our Search for a Wilderness, which was written by the author with his first wife, Mary Blair. A prolonged journey across Asia in search of gamebirds resulted in his four-volume A Monograph of the Pheasants (1918–22). His other great passion was oceanographic exploration, which he pursued in his ‘bathysphere’ in the waters off Bermuda. He was the first person to descend below 900 m (3,000 ft).

Arthur Cleveland Bent (1866–1954) An American ornithologist brought up in Massachusetts. When he was 44 he was commissioned by the Smithsonian Institution to write a book on his country’s ornithology. The final part of Life Histories of North American Birds did not appear until after his death. It is usually referred to as a 21-volume work but in fact it comprises 24 books, since several parts were split in two or into three. Somewhat rambling and discursive, it is also a glorious, hugely entertaining and massively informative work. Bent had at his disposal a continent-wide network of informants whom he quoted at length. His Life Histories has long been superseded by more rigorous works of ornithology, but none has the human appeal, nor the wide-ranging scholarship of Bent’s original.

W H Hudson (1841–1922) A writer and naturalist of huge range and achievement. His nationality is complex. His parents were citizens of the USA, but he was brought up on the Argentinian pampas just south of Buenos Aires (his house, now a museum and environmental centre, has been engulfed by the city suburbs). Yet he passed most of his adult life in England. The nation of his childhood and his adopted country vie for his reputation. In turn his international readership is, in some sense, a measure of the enduring qualities of Hudson’s pantheistic philosophy and his literary gifts for evoking wildlife, especially birds. He wrote almost 30 books, from novels (Green Mansions, 1904) to serious ornithology (Birds of La Plata, 1920). Many, such as his rhapsodic evocation of his Argentinian childhood, Far Away and Long Ago (1918), are still in print.

Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912) One of the Victorian founders of Indian ornithology (but also a civil servant of liberal bent, who helped create the institution that became the Indian Congress Party. President Jawaharlal Nehru eventually led the party to India’s independence in 1947). He amassed a bird skin collection numbering 80,000 birds and published extensively, latterly in his own journal, Stray Feathers. In his Himalayan retreat known as Rothney Castle he assembled a truly mountainous collection of papers and writings, most of which were lost when his servant sold the lot in the Simla market as waste paper.

Aldo Leopold (1887–1948) A pioneer American ecologist and academic who also managed and rehabilitated an environmentally exhausted farm in Wisconsin. The goal was to put into practice his philosophy of how humans could work the land in a way that was not damaging to the underlying ecology or its natural inhabitants. The place is now both an environmental centre and a shrine to the man. Leopold is viewed very much as a prophet for modern conservationists. He was also the author of the posthumously published (he died fighting a fire on the farm) A Sand County Almanac (1949), a work of lyrical prose that combines simple reflections upon nature with more theoretical ideas about our relationships to wild places and wild creatures.

Pliny the Elder (AD 23–79) Landowner, soldier and scholar from northern Italy. Of his voluminous writings, only the 37-book Historia Naturalis survives. It is an unreliable but fascinating encyclopedia on Roman knowledge including a compendium on matters natural historical, that blends a great deal of fiction with the facts. Today, however, the falsehoods are almost as valuable and illuminating of his age as the examples of genuine observation. Testament to his scientific bent is the fact that during the eruption of Vesuvius which buried Pompeii, Pliny was sailing past offshore, landed in order to study the phenomenon and was killed by its impact.

John Ray (1627–1705) In many ways the ‘father’ of British ornithology if not all natural science. This seventeenth-century polymath was educated at Cambridge and trained for the church, but allowed his cyclopean 360-degree curiosity to lead him astray into the realms of natural science. With the financial support and collaboration of the wealthier and landed Francis Willughby (who died at the appallingly young age of 36), Ray largely wrote and saw through publication their joint Ornithology (1678). He also wrote on fish, insects, mammals and plants, including a groundbreaking three-volume botanical work, History of Plants, as well as other diverse books on his foreign travels and lexicology. His whole career helped establish the study of nature in Britain on its first systematic foundations.

Helmut Sick (1910–1991) German-born naturalist who travelled to the Brazilian rainforest in the late 1930s to study birds and became marooned by the outbreak of World War Two. He was among the foremost naturalists in his adopted country and one of the greats of twentieth-century ornithology. He eventually rose to become the Curator of Birds at the National Museum in Rio de Janeiro but he also undertook numerous lengthy expeditions to all corners of this vast country in search of its unparalleled birdlife. His extensive publications culminated in the Ornitologia Brasileira (Birds in Brazil), a glorious compendium of humane scholarship that expresses a lifetime’s relentless enquiry and acute observation.

Henry David Th oreau (1817–1862) American writer and naturalist, who studied at Harvard before returning to his home in Concord, Massachusetts, where he lived almost all his days. Despite a friendship with the transcendentalist poet and author Ralph Waldo Emerson, and the publication of works such as Walden – a description of years spent living in the woods by the now celebrated pond – Thoreau was not especially noted or successful in his lifetime. However, after his premature death from tuberculosis at just 44, he acquired a worldwide reputation as a writer and thinker. He had a substantial impact on global politics through his essay on civil disobedience and became a major influence on people like Mahatma Gandhi. He also remains among the finest writers and most important voices on one of the central themes of our age – human relationships with, and responsibilities towards, the whole of nature.

APPENDIX 3: UNTREATED FAMILIES

These are bird families with limited cultural profiles or with cultural profiles that overlap squarely with several or many others. The bracketed figure is the number of species in the family.

Magpie Goose Anseranatidae (1)

Shoebill Balaenicipitidae (1)

Mesites Mesitornithidae (3)

Flufftails Sarothruridae (9)

Buttonquails Turnicidae (16)

Crab-plover Dromadidae (1)

Ibisbill Ibidorhynchidae (1)

Painted Snipe Rostratulidae (2)

Plains-wanderer Pedionomidae (1)

Seedsnipe Thinocoridae (4)

Owlet-Nightjars Aegothelidae (9)

Treeswifts Hemiprocnidae (4)

Ground rollers Brachypteraciidae (5)

Cuckoo Roller Leptosomatidae (1)

Todies Todidae (5)

Wood hoopoes Phoeniculidae (9)

Jacamars Galbulidae (18)

Puffbirds Bucconidae (35)

Broadbills Eurylaimidae (15)

Asities Philepittidae (4)

Sapayoa Sapayaoidae (1)

Uncertain family Piprites, Calyptura (4)

Gnateaters Conopophagidae (9)

Woodcreepers Dendrocolaptidae (51)

Australasian treecreepers Climacteridae (7)

Australasian wrens Maluridae (28)

Bristlebirds Dasyornithidae (3)

Pardalotes Pardalotidae (4)

Australasian warblers Acanthizidae (62)

Australasian babblers Pomatostomidae (5)

Logrunners Orthonychidae (3)

Satinbirds Cnemophilidae (3)

Berrypeckers Melanocharitidae (12)

Whipbirds, jewel-babblers Eupetidae (10)

Quail-thrushes Cinclosomatidae (5)

Wattle-eyes, batises Platysteiridae (29)

Uncertain family Tephrodornis, Philentoma (4)

Boatbills Machaerirhynchidae (2)

Vangas Vangidae (21)

Woodswallows Artamidae (11)

Ioras Aegithinidae (4)

Sittellas Neosittidae (3)

Shriketits Falcunculidae (4)

Whistlers Pachycephalidae (44)

Uncertain family Melampitta, Ifrita (3)

Rockjumpers Chaetopidae (2)

Bushtits Aegithalidae (11)

Uncertain family Neolestes, Nicator, etc. (9)

Uncertain family Myzornis, Malia, etc. (4)

Sugarbirds Promeropidae (2)

Fairy-bluebirds Irenidae (2)

Gnatcatchers Polioptilidae (15)

Treecreepers Certhiidae (8)

Philippine creepers Rhabdornithidae (3)

Leafbirds Chloropseidae (8)

Flowerpeckers Dicaeidae (45)

Accentors Prunellidae (13)

Olive Warbler Peucedramidae (1)

Uncertain family Zeledonia Icteria, etc. (6)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

All titles are published in London unless otherwise stated.
All references listed in the endnotes appear in full in the bibliography apart from website sources and those given in full in the list of abbreviations at the beginning of the notes.
Reference details in the notes include author(s), publication date and page number(s).
However, in the case of classical sources we have followed the usual convention of citing book and chapter numbers.

Aelian, On Animals, Books 1–3, Heinemann, 1959.

Alderfer, Jonathan (ed), Complete Birds of North America, National Geographic, Washington, DC, 2006.

Aldrovandi, Ulisse, Aldrovandi on Chickens (trans. L R Lind), University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1963.

Ali, Salim, The Fall of a Sparrow, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985.

Ali, Salim, and Ripley, Dillon, Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1983.

Allen, Durward (ed), Pheasants in North America, Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, 1956.

Allen, Mark, Falconry in Arabia, Orbis, 1980.

Allen, Stewart, In the Devil’s Garden, Canongate, 2002.

Amirsadeghi, Hossein, Sky Hunters: The Passion of Falconry, Thames and Hudson, 2008.

Anderson, Cary, The Eagle Lady, Eagle Eye, Anchorage, 2003.

Anon, ‘Secrets of Christmas seabird revealed’, World Birdwatch 28(1):9, 2006.

Anon, ‘Pheasants an unexpected help’, BTO News, May–June 2008.

Arberry, A J, Immortal Rose: An Anthology of Persian Lyrics, Luzac and Co, 1948.

Archer, Geoffrey, Sir, and Godman, Eva, The Birds of British Somaliland, Gurney and Jackson, 1937.

Arentsen, Herman, and Fenech, Natalino, Lark Mirrors: Folk Art from the Past, self-published, 2004.

Arguedas, José María, Yawar Fiesta (trans. Frances Horning Barraclough), University of Texas Press, Austin, 1985.

Armstrong, Edward, Bird Display, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1942.

———, The Folklore of Birds, Collins, 1958.

———, The Life and Lore of the Bird, Crown, New York, 1975.

Arnott, W Geoffrey, Birds in the Ancient World From A to Z, Routledge, Abingdon, 2007.

Ashley, Lisa, Major, Richard, and Taylor, Charlotte, ‘Does the presence of grevilleas and eucalypts in urban gardens influence the distribution and foraging ecology of Noisy Miners?’, Emu 109:135–42, 2009.

Attar, Farid ud-Din, The Conference of the Birds (trans. Garcin de Tassy), Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971.

Attenborough, David, Quest in Paradise, Lutterworth, 1959.

———, The Zoo Quest Expeditions: Travels in Guyana, Indonesia and Paraguay, Lutterworth, 1980.

———, Life on Air, BBC Books, 2002.

Baha El Din, S M, and Salama, W, The Catching of Birds in North Sinai (Study Report No 45), International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, 1991.

Baicich, Paul, ‘Tanner Trails’, Birding 39(2):28–9, 2007.

———, ‘Snowcock Release: The Beginnings’, Birding 41(6):66–7, 2009.

———, ‘Bird Clubs and Bluebird Trails: Early 1960s’, Birding 42(2):58–9, 2010.

Bainbrigge Fletcher, T, and Inglis, C M, Birds of an Indian Garden, Thacker, Spink and Co, Calcutta, 1924.

Baker, J A, The Peregrine, The Hill of Summer and Diaries (eds Mark Cocker and John Fanshawe), HarperCollins, 2010.

Ball, Stanley, ‘Jungle Fowls from Pacific Islands’, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 108, 1933.

Balogh, Greg, ‘Raising Shorties’, Audubon, January–February 2008, pages 27–30.

Barbeau, Marius, Totem Poles, Vol 1, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa, 1950.

Barber, Theo, The Human Nature of Birds, Bookman Press, Melbourne, 1993.

Barnes, Keith, ‘The World’s 10 Sexiest Birds’, Winging It 20(1):1–5, 2008.

Bartley, Glenn, ‘Ecuador Adventure’, Birding 42(3):54–5, 2010.

Bates, Henry, The Naturalist on the River Amazon, Dent, 1969.

Bates, Henry, and Busenbark, Robert, Finches and Soft-billed Birds, TFH Publications, Neptune City, 1970.

Batty, J, Domesticated Ducks and Geese, Saiga Books, Hindhead, 1979.

Baughman, Mel (ed), National Geographic Reference Atlas to the Birds of North America, National Geographic, Washington, DC, 2003.

Baynes, Ernest, ‘A Vireo as Hostess’, Bird-Lore 24:256–9, 1922.

Beaglehole, J C (ed), The Voyage of the Endeavour, 1768–1771, Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1999.

Bechstein, J M, The Natural History of Cage Birds, Groombridge, 1888.

Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Dent, 1910.

Beebe, Mary, and Beebe, William, Our Search for a Wilderness, Henry Holt, New York, 1910.

Beebe, William, A Monograph of the Pheasants, Vols 1–4, Dover, 1990.

———, Pheasant Jungles, World Pheasant Association, Reading, 1994.

Beeton, Isabella, The Book of Household Management, Jonathan Cape, 1968.

Bell, Cathie, ‘Row over bird’s rise from ashes’, Guardian Weekly, 27 September 1998, page 25.

Belshaw, R H H, Guinea Fowl of the World, Nimrod, Liss, 1985.

Benson, C E, ‘Egret Farming in Sind’, Journal, Bombay Natural History Society 28:748–50, 1922.

Berlo, Janet, and Wilson, Lee Anne, Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993.

Betrò, M C, Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt, Abbeville, New York, 1996.

Bewick, Thomas, A History of British Birds, Vol 1, Longman, 1826.

Birch, G, ‘Egret Farming in Sind’, Journal, Bombay Natural History Society 21:161–3, 1914.

———, ‘Egret Farming in Sind’, Journal, Bombay Natural History Society 27:944–7, 1921.

Bircham, Peter, A History of Ornithology, HarperCollins, 2007.

Bird, D, Varland, D, and Negro, J, Raptors in Human Landscapes: Adaptations to Built and Cultivated Environments, Academic Press, 1996.

Birkhead, Tim, The Magpies, Poyser, Calton, 1991.

———, Great Auk Islands, Poyser, 1993.

———, The Red Canary, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2003.

———, The Wisdom of Birds, Bloomsbury, 2008.

———, Bird Sense, Bloomsbury, 2012.

Blackwood, Beatrice, The Kukukuku of the Upper Watut, Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, 1978.

Blüchel, Kurt, Game and Hunting, Könemann, Cologne, 1997.

Bodsworth, Fred, Last of the Curlews, Counterpoint, Washington, DC, 1995.

Boehrer, Bruce, Parrot Culture, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2004.

Bond, James, Birds of the West Indies, Collins, 1990.

Bonnefoy, Yves, Asian Mythologies (trans. Wendy Doniger), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1993.

Bonser, A E, Cassell’s Natural History for Young People, Cassell, 1905.

Bonta, Mark, Seven Names for the Bellbird, Texas A&M University Press, College Station, 2003.

Bourke, John, An Apache Campaign in the Sierra Madre, Charles Scribners, 1958.

Boyce, Mary, Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

Boyd, A W, ‘Early Natural History Records in Cheshire and South Lancashire’, The North Western Naturalist 21:227, 1946.

Bringhurst, Robert, A Story as Sharp as a Knife, Douglas and McIntyre, Vancouver, 1999.

Britton, Dorothy, and Hayashida, Tsuneo, The Japanese Crane: Bird of Happiness, Kodansha International, Tokyo, 1993.

Brooke, Michael, Albatrosses and Petrels across the World, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004.

Brown, Andy, and Grice, Phil, Birds in England, Poyser, 2005.

Brown, Leslie, The Mystery of the Flamingos, Country Life, 1959.

Brown, W J, The Gods Had Wings, Constable, 1936.

Browne, Thomas, Sir, Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk, Jarrolds, 1902.

Bruce Wilmore, Sylvia, Swans of the World, Taplinger, New York, 1974.

Bruggers, Richard, and Elliott, Clive, Quelea quelea, Africa’s Bird Pest, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.

Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de, The Natural History of Birds, Vol 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010.

Burenhult, Goran (ed), People of the Past, Fog City Press, San Francisco, 2003.

Burfield, Ian, and van Bommel, Frans (eds), Birds in Europe: Population estimates, trends and conservation status, BirdLife International, Cambridge, 2004.

Butchart, Stuart, ‘Birds to find: a review of “lost”, obscure and poorly known African bird species’, Bull ABC 14:145, 2007.

Butler, David, and Merton, Don, The Black Robin, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992.

Butvill, David, ‘In-flight meal’, BBC Wildlife, December 2010.

Cairncross, Frances, ‘Connecting Flights’, Conservation in Practice 7(1):16–21, 2006.

Caldwell, Harry, and Caldwell, John, South China Birds, Hester May Vanderburgh, Shanghai, 1931.

Cammann, Schuyler, ‘Chinese carvings in Hornbill Ivory’, Sarawak Museum Journal 5:393–9, 1951.

Campbell, Bruce, and Lack, Elizabeth (eds), A Dictionary of Birds, Poyser, Calton, 1985.

Campbell, Joseph, The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology, Arkana, 1987.

Caro, Mark, The Foie Gras Wars, Simon and Schuster, 2009.

Carter, Paul, Parrot, Reaktion, 2006.

Casement, M B, ‘Migration across Mediterranean observed by radar’, Ibis 108:461–91, 1966.

Catesby, Mark, The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands, Marsh, Wilcox and Stichall, 1754.

Chancellor, Alexander, ‘Bankers are too embarrassed to shoot game. This can only be a positive development’, Guardian G2, 17 April 2009.

Chantler, Phil, and Dreissens, Gerald, Swifts, Pica Press, Sussex, 1995.

Chapin, J P, ‘The Congo Peacock’, Proceedings of the IX International Ornithological Congress, 1938, pages 101–9.

Chapman, Frank, Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America, Appleton-Century, New York, 1934.

Cheke, Robert, Mann, Clive, and Allen, Richard, Sunbirds, Helm, 2001.

Cherry, Peter, and Morris, Trevor, Domestic Duck Production: Science and Practice, CABI, Wallingford, 2008.

Cherry-Garrard, Apsley, The Worst Journey in the World, Picador, 1994.

Chevenix Trench, C C, ‘Egret Farming in Sind’, Journal, Bombay Natural History Society 28:751–2, 1922.

Chisholm, Alec, Bird Wonders of Australia, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1956.

Chisholm, Graham, ‘King of Scream’, Audubon, September–October 2008, page 204.

Chiweshe, N, ‘The current conservation status of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri in Zimbabwe’, in Kemp, A C, and Kemp, M I (eds), The Active Management of Hornbills and their Habitats for Conservation, CD-ROM, Proceedings of the 4^th International Hornbill Conference, Mabula Game Lodge, Bela-Bela, South Africa, 2007, pages 252–66.

Choate, Ernest, The Dictionary of American Bird Names, Gambit, Boston, 1973.

Clark, Grahame, ‘Fowling in Prehistoric Europe’, Antiquity 22:116–30, 1948.

Clay, Rob (ed), 101 Aves Communes del Paraguay, Asociación Guyra Paraguay, Asunción, 2002.

Cleere, Nigel, and Nurney, David, Nightjars, Pica Press, Sussex, 1998.

Clement, Peter, Harris, Alan, and Davis, John, Finches and Sparrows, Helm, 1993.

Cloudsley-Thompson, J L, ‘Wildlife massacres in Sudan’, Oryx 26:202–4, 1992.

Cocker, Mark, Loneliness and Time, Secker and Warburg, 1992.

———, Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold, Jonathan Cape, 1998a.

———, ‘The Magic, Myth and Folklore of Birds in West Africa’, unpublished report for Winston Churchill Memorial Trust, London, 1998b.

———, ‘African birds in traditional magico-medicinal use – a preliminary survey’, Bull ABC 7:60–65, 2000.

———, A Tiger in the Sand, Jonathan Cape, 2006.

———, Crow Country, Jonathan Cape, 2007.

Cocker, Mark, and Mabey, Richard, Birds Britannica, Chatto and Windus, 2005.

Cocker, Mark, and Mikkola, Heimo, ‘Magic, myth and misunderstanding: cultural responses to owls in Africa and their implications for conservation’, Bull ABC, 8:31–5, 2001.

Colette, Gigi and The Cat, Vintage, 2003.

Collar, Nigel, and Stuart, Simon, Threatened Birds of Africa and Related Islands, International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, 1985.

Collar, Nigel, and Andrew, Paul, Birds to Watch, International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, 1988.

Collar, N, Gonzaga, L, Krabbe, N, Madrono Nieto, A, Naranjo, L, Parker III, T, and Wege, D, Threatened Birds of the Americas, International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, 1992.

Collings, Mark, A Very British Coop, Macmillan, 2008.

Conder, Peter, The Wheatear, Christopher Helm, Bromley, 1989.

Cook, James, The Journals (ed Philip Edwards), Penguin, 2003.

Cott, Hugh, ‘The Exploitation of Wild Birds for their Eggs’, Ibis 95:409–49, 643–75, 1953.

———, ‘The Exploitation of Wild Birds for their Eggs’, Ibis 96:130–49, 1954.

Cowles, R B, ‘The life history of Scopus umbretta bannermani C. Grant in Natal, South Africa’, Auk 47:159–76, 1930.

Crabbe, George, The Poetical Works of George Crabbe, Henry Frowde, 1908.

Cranbrook, Earl, ‘Report on the Birds’ Nest Industry in the Baram District and at Niah, Sarawak’, Sarawak Museum Journal 33:145–70, 1984.

Crewe, Mike, ‘Some observations on Wallcreeper nest material’, British Birds 100: 444–5, 2007.

Croxall, John, ‘Conservation of Southern Ocean Albatrosses’, Bird Conservation International 18(Supplement 1):13–29, 2008.

Cruickshank, Helen (ed), Thoreau on Birds, McGraw Hill, New York, 1964.

Cumpston, John, Macquarie Island, Department of External Affairs, Canberra, 1968.

Curtis, Edward, The North American Indian, Taschen, Cologne, 2005.

Cuthbertson, Margaret, ‘African Game 400 Years Ago’, African Wild Life 3(2):148–50, 1949.

da Vinci, Leonardo, Notebooks, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.

Damas, David (ed), Handbook of North American Indians: Arctic, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 1984.

Darwin, Charles, The Voyage of the Beagle, Vintage, 2009.

———, Animals and Plants under Domestication, Vols 1–2, John Murray, 1890.

———, The Descent of Man, John Murray, 1901.

Dave, K N, Birds in Sanskrit Literature, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 2005.

Davidson, Alan, The Oxford Companion to Food (ed Tom Jaine), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006.

Davies, Nick, Cuckoos, Cowbirds and Other Cheats, Poyser, 2000.

Davies, S J J F, Ratites and Tinamous, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002.

Davies, Z, Fuller, R, Loram, A, Irvine, K, Sims, V, and Gaston, K, ‘A national scale inventory of resource provision for biodiversity within domestic gardens, Biological Conservation 142:761–71, 2009.

Davis, Lloyd, and Renner, Martin, Penguins, Poyser, 2003.

Dawkins, Richard, The Ancestor’s Tale, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2004.

Dawson, W R, ‘The Lore of the Hoopoe (Upupa epops)’, Ibis 67:31–9, 1925a.

———, ‘The Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) from the Earliest Times, and a further Note on the Hoopoe,’ Ibis 67:590–94, 1925b.

de Gubernatis, Angelo, Zoological Mythology, Vol 2, Trubner, 1872.

de Kay, Charles, Bird Gods of Ancient Europe, Harry Allenson, 1898.

de la Peña, Martín, and Rumboll, Maurice, Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica, HarperCollins, 1998.

Dee, Tim, The Running Sky, Jonathan Cape, 2009.

Dekker, René, ‘Megapodes – from Fairy Tale to Reality’, Bull OBC 7(1):10–13, 1988.

Delacour, Jean, The Waterfowl of the World, Vol 4, Country Life, 1964.

Delacour, Jean, and Amadon, Dean, Curassows and Related Birds, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 1973.

Demey, Ron, ‘Africa Round-up’, Bull ABC 11:93–100, 2004.

Demey, Ron, and Kirwan, Guy, ‘Africa Round-up’, Bull ABC 11:10, 2004.

Demey, Ron, Kirwan, Guy, and Lack, Peter, ‘Africa Roundup’, Bull ABC 14:134–5, 2007.

———, ‘Africa Round-up’, Bull ABC 15:17, 2008.

Demey, Ron, Kirwan, Guy, and Lucking, Rob, ‘Africa Round-up’, Bull ABC 5:89, 1998.

Derwent Sue, and Mander, Myles, ‘Twitchers Bewitched’, Africa – Birds and Birding 2:22–5, 1997.

Desfayes, Michel, A Thesaurus of Bird Names, Vols 1–2, Musée cantonal d’histoire naturelle, Sion, Switzerland, 1998.

Diamond, A W, and Filion, F L, The Value of Birds, International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, 1987.

Diamond, Jared, Guns, Germs and Steel, Norton, New York, 1999.

Diaz, Bernal, The Conquest of New Spain