Arrow-Pushing in Organic Chemistry

PREFACE xi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii

ABOUT THE AUTHOR xv

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Definition of Arrow-Pushing 1

1.2 Functional Groups 5

1.3 Nucleophiles and Leaving Groups 7

1.4 Summary 8

Problems 9

2. Free Radicals 19

2.1 What Are Free Radicals? 19

2.2 How Are Free Radicals Formed? 21

2.2.1 Free Radical Initiators 22

2.2.2 Electron Transfer 23

2.3 Free Radical Stability 23

2.4 What Types of Reactions In...